1 / 23

Organic Reactions

Organic Reactions. Combustion. Reaction with O 2 – burning For hydrocarbons, products of complete combustion are CO 2 & H 2 O Insufficient O 2 – C, CO, & H 2 O C 3 H 8 (g) + 5O 2 (g)  3CO 2 (g) + 4H 2 O(g). Substitution. Start with a saturated hydrocarbon

murdocks
Download Presentation

Organic Reactions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic Reactions

  2. Combustion • Reaction with O2 – burning • For hydrocarbons, products of complete combustion are CO2 & H2O • Insufficient O2 – C, CO, & H2O C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

  3. Substitution • Start with a saturated hydrocarbon • Replace 1 or more H atom with another atom or group. Get 2 products (swap). C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl HCCH + ClCl  HCCH + HCl H H H Cl H H H H

  4. Addition • Add across a double or triple bond. • Start with an unsaturated hydrocarbon. • Get only 1 saturated product. (1 answer) HC=CH + ClCl  HCCH C2H4 + Cl2 C2H4Cl2 H H Cl Cl H H

  5. Esterification • Organic Acid + Alcohol  Ester + Water HCCOH + HOCCCH  O H H H H = H H H H H  O H H H = HCCOCCCH + H2O  H H H H

  6. Saponification • Making Soap • Fat + Base  Glycerol + Soap

  7. H  C  C  C  H O = H OCC17H35 NaOH NaOH NaOH O = H OCC17H35  + O = H OCC17H35 FAT + Base  (Triglyceride)

  8. H  COH  COH  COH  H O = NaOCC17H35 H O = + H NaOCC17H35 O H = NaOCC17H35 Soap Glycerol

  9. Fermentation • Sugars are broken down into alcohol + CO2 C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 zymase carbon dioxide sugar ethanol

  10. What do the protein in eggs, the plastic in pop bottles, and the nylon in stockings have in common? • They are all giant molecules called polymers. • Poly means many • Mers means parts

  11. Polymers • Very large molecules consisting of many repeating structural units. • Analogy = chain consisting of many links • Masses can be > 1,000,000 amu • Monomer: Molecule from which a polymer is made. Starting material.

  12. Natural Polymers • Wool • Silk • Rubber • Starch • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  13. Synthetic Polymers • Plastics – polyethylene, PVC • Synthetic Fibers – nylon, rayon, polyester • Rubber Substitutes – polyurethane • Polymerization = reaction that produces a polymer

  14. Polymerization Reactions • Addition: start with unsaturated monomers. Everything in reactants goes into polymer. Only 1 product, saturated. • Condensation: monomers containing 2 functional groups combine with the loss of a small by-product, usually H2O.

  15. Addition Polymerization segmer H H H H H H H H       CCCCCC       H H H H H H   n C=C    H H Ethene = monomer n Polyethylene = polymer

  16. Polyethylene Varieties • Milk bottles, detergent bottles, oil bottles, toys, & plastic grocery bags • Shrink-wrap films, sandwich bags, garment bags, grocery bags • Bottle caps

  17. Substituted Ethylenes H H C=C H CH3 H H H H H H H H CCCCCCCC H  H  H  H   CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Indoor-outdoor carpet, upholstery

  18. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) H H C=C H Cl H H H H H H H H CCCCCCCC H Cl H Cl H Cl H Cl  Phonograph records, garden hoses, pipes Replace the H’s with Cl & you get Saran wrap.

  19. Teflon F F F F F F CCCCCC F F F F F F F F C=C F F n 

  20. Condensation Polymerization H H HOCCOH H H H H HOCCOH H H + H H H H HOCCOCCOH H H H H + H2O 

  21. Condensation Polymerization • Split out a small molecule such as H2O. • Monomer has to have a functional group at each end.

  22. Nylon - 1935 HOCCCCCCOH O O = = +  NH2CCCCCCNH2 O O H H   = = CCCCCCNCCCCCCN n + H2O

  23. Congratulations!!!! You’re finished! source

More Related