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European Exploration and Colonization

Learn about the exploration and settlement of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America by Spain, as well as the reasons and religious groups behind England's colonization of North America. Discover the impact on Native Americans, the economy of the colonies, and the significant events that shaped American history.

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European Exploration and Colonization

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  1. European Exploration and Colonization

  2. What European country explored and settled the Caribbean, Central America, and South America? • Spain

  3. For what two reasons did Englishmen settle in North America? • Religious Freedom • Economic Opportunity

  4. What religious group settled New England? • The Puritans

  5. What was another name for the Church of England? • The Anglican Church

  6. What was the major reason for the settlement of New England? • Religious Freedom

  7. Who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620? • The Separatists • commonly called the Pilgrims

  8. What agreement signed by the male settlers at Plymouth helped establish the notion of self-government in the Americas? • The Mayflower Compact

  9. Who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The Puritans

  10. How did the Puritans get their name? • The Puritans wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church.

  11. What was the basic unit of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The Church Congregation • Each congregation established a Town

  12. Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct democracy? • At Town Meetings

  13. Which colony did the Pilgrims settle? • Plymouth

  14. What three European groups chiefly settled the Middle Atlantic region? • English • Dutch • Germans

  15. What was the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? • Economic Opportunity

  16. Who founded the Virginia colony as a business venture? • The Virginia Company of London

  17. Who were the English nobility who received large land grants in Virginia from the King of England and helped settle the colony? • Cavaliers

  18. Define indentured servant? • A person who agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for payment of his passage to America.

  19. What was the first English attempt at a colony in the New World? • Roanoke

  20. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? • Jamestown

  21. What became the cash crop of the Virginia colony? • Tobacco

  22. What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking body) in the New World? • The House of Burgesses

  23. With what colony does one associate the Cavaliers? • Virginia

  24. Where did many poor English immigrants settle in the Virginia colony? • In the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia

  25. What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish explore and settle? • The Caribbean • Central America • South America

  26. What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explore? • Canada

  27. Who had better relations with the First Americans, the British or the French? • The French

  28. How did English colonization affect the American Indians? • Lost territory • Died from European diseases, especially smallpox

  29. What group did Europeans force to come to the Americas? • Africans

  30. Name four characteristics of the economy of the New England colonies? • Shipbuilding • Fishing • Lumbering • Subsistence Farming

  31. Name three characteristics of the economy of the Middle Colonies? • Shipbuilding • Small farms • Trading

  32. What was the economic basis of the Southern colonies? • Cash crops raised on large Plantations

  33. What formed the basis of the economy of the Southern colonies in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills? • Subsistence farming • Hunting • Trading

  34. What were the three cash crops of the Southern colonies? • Tobacco • Rice • Indigo

  35. What were the two cash crops in South Carolina? • Rice • Indigo

  36. Which English colonies believed in private property and free enterprise (profit)? • ALL

  37. What trade pattern brought Africans to the English colonies? • The Triangular Trade

  38. What was the name of the forced voyage of African slaves from their homes to the New World? • The Middle Passage

  39. The main reasons Africans died during the Middle Passage was because • of crowded and unsanitary conditions led to disease and death

  40. According to the SOL, what were the 3 points in the Triangular Trade? • The New England Colonies • The West Indies • Africa

  41. To what major conflict did the Southern colonies’ slavery-based agricultural economy eventually lead? • The Civil War

  42. Slave rebellions occurred in the British colonies because • harsh laws were passed to control slaves

  43. What two African American slaves led slave rebellions? • Gabriel Prosser and Nat Turner

  44. What does religious tolerance mean? • Freedom of Religion

  45. What religious group settled Pennsylvania? • Quakers

  46. What religious group settled Maryland? • Roman Catholics

  47. What two groups of colonists generally believed in religious tolerance? • Quakers • Roman Catholics

  48. What is the term that describes British neglect of its colonies which actually resulted in economic growth and prosperity for the colonies? • Salutary neglect

  49. What are the eastern lowlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain called? • Tidewater

  50. What was the background of the small farmers, hunters, and traders in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? • Scotch-Irish • English

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