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Respiratory System. Respiratory System. Purpose:. To transports O 2 and CO 2 from atmosphere to the cells Two types External: use lungs to exchange gases from the air to our blood Internal: to exchange gases between our blood and our cells.
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Respiratory System Purpose: • To transports O2 and CO2 • from • atmosphere to the cells • Two types • External: • use lungs to exchange gases from the air to our blood • Internal: • to exchange gases between our blood and our cells
Respiratory system is located in the thoracic cavity. • Lies above the diaphragm • The diaphragm is a large sheet-like muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Respiratory System 1. As you breathe in the air should enter via your nostrils/nares. • Nasal hairs filter air • Nasal chambers moistens and warms the air.
2. Air then passes through the pharynx • Back of throat area/behind uvula • A common passage for food & air • 3. The pharynx directs air into the larynx. • -referred to as the Adam’s Apple or Voice Box • -contains our vocal cords • -As air passes through the vocal cords these thin bands of tissue vibrate allowing you to make sounds.
4. The larynx has a flap of tissue protecting its opening called the epiglottis. • When you swallow this flap closes making a slight sound. • Purpose of the epiglottis is to prevent food from entering and blocking the respiratory pathway.
5.From the larynx the air passes into the trachea. • Known as the windpipe • Approximately 4 ½ inches long • Protected by rings of cartilage that prevents it from collapsing as air moves in and out.
6. The trachea branches to make two smaller tubes called bronchi • Bronchi direct the air into the lungs • Bronchi divide into smaller branches called bronchioles. • Bronchioles keep dividing up to 20 times and eventually becoming the air ducts.
-Bronchioles, bronchi and trachea are all lined with small hair like structures called cilia. • Cilia trap foreign particles and push them back towards the throat area. -Air ducts empty into our air sacs or alveoli.
7. -Alveoli is where our gases are exchanged -Average human has 300,000,000 alveoli.
Respiratory System • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli
The lungs are surrounded by a double membrane known as the pleura. • Keeps the lungs pressurized so air can move in and out. • Secretes a slippery fluid which reduces friction
Human lungs are made up of several lobes. • 3 lobes on right side • 2 lobes on left side
Inspiration/Inhaling: • Air moves into the lungs from the atmosphere. • Air we breathe is 21% oxygen and .03% carbon dioxide • Expiration/Exhaling: • Air moves out of the lungs into the atmosphere • Air we exhale is 14% oxygen and 5.6% carbon dioxide.
Lets examine how this happens……………………………..
Inspiration/Inhaling: • Air moves into lungs • Chest expands • Ribcage moves up and out / expands space • Diaphragm flattens and pushes down • Abdominal muscles relax. • Increase volume of thoracic cavity • Pressure inside the cavity is lower than outside the cavity • Air moves from high to low causing air to move into the lungs.
Expiration/Exhaling: • Air moves out of lungs • -Chest decreases in size • -Ribcage relaxes and moves in • -Diaphragm moves up into a • concaved shape. • -Abdominal muscles contract. • Decrease volume of thoracic cavity • Pressure inside the cavity is higher than outside the cavity • Air moves from high to low causing air to move out the lungs.
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