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Machine notes

Machine notes. CP Physics Ms. Morrison. Machines. Devices that make work easier to do (transfer energy) Two ways make work easier: Machines change the direction of your force. (ex. Pulleys) Machines multiply the force you apply to it.

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Machine notes

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  1. Machine notes CP Physics Ms. Morrison

  2. Machines • Devices that make work easier to do (transfer energy) • Two ways make work easier: • Machines change the direction of your force. (ex. Pulleys) • Machines multiply the force you apply to it. • Note: You do the work on the machine and then the machine does work on the object.

  3. Simple Machines • Six Simple Machines • Levers • Pulleys • Wheel and axles • Inclined Planes • Wedges • Screws

  4. Levers • Long rigid bar with a support called a fulcrum • Examples: crowbars, car jacks

  5. Pulleys • Special type of lever • Has grooved wheel over which a rope passes • Can have a single pulley or combinations of pulleys • Examples: window shade pulls, block and tackle, well, flag poles

  6. Wheel and axle • Special type of lever • Consists of a wheel attached to an axle • Examples: pencil sharpener, egg beater

  7. Inclined plane • Flat surface with one end higher than the other • Examples: moving ramps, wheelchair ramps

  8. Wedge • Inclined plane with either one or two sloping sides • Examples: door stops, knives, axes, scissors, chisels

  9. Screw • An inclined plane which is spiral, you move the plane rather than the load • Examples: wood screws

  10. Mechanical advantage • Indicates how much the machine multiplies your force • Equation: MA = Fr/Fe • MA = mechanical advantage (no unit) • Fr = resistance force (equals weight of the object) • Fe = effort force (force you apply to the machine)

  11. Ideal mechanical advantage • Second form of mechanical advantage • Based on an ideal machine which transfers 100% of your energy • Equation: IMA = de/dr • IMA = ideal mechanical advantage • de = effort distance (distance you apply force) • dr= resistance distance (distance machines moves)

  12. Efficiency • Shows how much of the work you put into the machine (input work) is actually used to do work on the object by the machine (output work) • Equation: Efficiency = Wo/Wi x 100% • Wo = output work (J) • Wi = input work (J) • Machines cannot multiply your work or energy – they can only multiply force • MACHINES CANNOT DO MORE WORK THAN THE WORK YOU PUT INTO THEM

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