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Forces In Fluids

Forces In Fluids. Chapter 3 Section 2 - Floating and Sinking Section 3 – Pascal’s Principle. Buoyancy. Buoyant Force – upward force exerted by water and other fluids. It acts in the direction opposite of gravity. Picking up objects underwater makes them seem lighter

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Forces In Fluids

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  1. Forces In Fluids Chapter 3 Section 2 - Floating and Sinking Section 3 – Pascal’s Principle

  2. Buoyancy • Buoyant Force – upward force exerted by water and other fluids. It acts in the direction opposite of gravity. • Picking up objects underwater makes them seem lighter • Fluid exerts pressure on all surfaces of an object under water.

  3. Buoyant Force and Weight • If an objects weight is greater than the buoyant force, the object will sink. • If an objects weight is equal to the buoyant force, the object will not sink. • If an objects weight is less than the buoyant force, the object will float.

  4. Figure 8, pg. 83

  5. Archimedes’ Principle • All objects take up space • There is a connection between the weight of a fluid displaced by an object and the buoyant force acting on it. • Archimedes’ Principle – the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces. • Think of a full swimming pool – if it is filled to the top and you get in, water will overflow making room for you in the pool. If you displace 50 L of water, the buoyant force on you will be equal to the weight of 50 L of water = 500N.

  6. Density • Density = mass/volume • If an object is less dense than water, it will float. • If an object is more dense than water, it will sink • Density of water is about 1.0 g/cm3 • By comparing densities of objects and the liquids they will be going in, you can determine if they will sink or float. Figure 11, p. 85

  7. Changing Density • You can change the density of water by freezing it into ice. • Water expands when it freezes so ice takes up more space than liquid water. • It is only a little less dense than water so most of it is hidden below the water – like an iceberg Figure 12

  8. You can make an object sink or float by changing density. • Ex. – Submarine • Density will increase when the mass increases. Figure 13, p. 87

  9. Air is also a fluid • If you fill a balloon with helium, it will float upward because helium is less dense than air. • A balloon filled with regular air will sink because it is more dense than air. (Air + balloon)

  10. Pascal’s Principle • Pascal’s Principle states – when force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. • In a closed container, when you press on one part of the bottle, the pressure is felt throughout all the fluid within the bottle. • The water pressure increases everywhere. Figure 14

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