Objective

1. Objective • Students will be able to compare and contrast autotroph and hetertroph and explain what ATP is.

2. 8-1Energy and Life

3. Saving for a Rainy Day Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank account. 1. What are the benefits of having a bank account? 2. What do you have to do if you need some of this money? 3. What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to carry out its activities? 4. What does your body do when it needs energy?

4. 8-1 Vocabulary ENERGY • Autotroph- • organism that can get energy from sunlight and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer • ________ and _______ are two examples of autrotrophs that get _______ from ________. Word bank: the sun plants animals fungi energy other animals

5. ThinkPair Share • What is an autotroph need for energy? 2) Give an example of an autrotroph An example of an autotroph is ________ Autotrophs need _________. Together, explain what an autrotroph is.

6. Heterotroph- • organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer • A ___________ is a heterotroph; it needs to ______ other ________ to get _______.

7. ThinkPair Share • What does a heterotroph need for energy? 2)Give an example of a heterotroph An example of a heterotroph is ________ Heterotrophs need _________. Together, explain what a heterotroph is.

8. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – • chemical compounds that living things use to store energy. • ATP acts like a __________ it stores _______. for &

9. ThinkPair Share • Describe ATP in ONE WORD 2) Describe a time when you used ATP. A time that I would need ATP would be ________ ATP can be described as __________ Together, explain the function of ATP

10. 8-1 Energy and Life • 1. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs • Autotrophs: organisms, like plants, that use light energy from the sun to produce their own food Because plants can “manufacture” their own energy directly, they are self-sufficient. • Heterotrophs: organisms that obtain energy from foods they consume All other forms of life, such as humans, animals, insects and even bacteria, depend on other living things for sustenance.

11. ThinkPair Share A) Discuss questions 1 &2 on your notes with partner B B) Discuss questions 3 & 4 with partner A Question 1 & 2 Question 3 & 4 Together, explain what an autotroph is and a heterotroph.

12. Heterotroph or Autotroph?

13. 8-1 Energy and Life 2. Chemical Energy and ATP a. The cell’s activities are powered by chemical fuels i. ATP is a compound that living things use to store energy ii. ADP is the compound used to store energy in cells • It can hold one more phosphate when energy is needed • Energy is released when ATP converts to ADP Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

14. Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery Section 8-1 ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery Go to Section:

15. Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery Section 8-1 ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery Go to Section:

16. 8-1 Energy and Life b. ATP and Glucose a. Most cells only have a small amount of ATP, enough to last for only a few seconds of activity because it is not good for storing large amounts of energy for long periods of time • Glucose stores more than 90 times the energy of a molecule of ATP • Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in carbohydrates, like glucose

17. ThinkPair Share Describe a time when you use ATP? I would use ATP when I ______________ Together, explain ATP.

18. Potato A: Tell your partner when you have used ATP. Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say about when they used ATP. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B: I heard you say that you used ATP when you____________

19. Pota-toe B: Tell your partner when you used ATP. Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say about when they used ATP. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for POTATO A: I heard you say that you used ATP when you ____________

20. 8-2 / 8-3Photosynthesis:An Overview

21. Ag Fact: Tonight is Report card Night, if you bring your parents, you will receive FFA activity Credit. • Objective: I will be able to memorize the photosynthesis equation

22. 8-2 Interest Grabber Trapping Energy Have you ever used a solar-powered calculator? No matter where you go, as long as you have a light source, the calculator works. You never have to put batteries in it. 1. A solar-powered calculator uses solar cells that are found in rows along the top of the calculator. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted so that the calculator works? 2. Recall that plants use light energy from the sun to make food. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted by plants? 3. Most plants, no matter what size or shape they are, have some parts that are green. Which parts of a plant are usually green? 4. What does the green color have to do with the plant’s ability to convert light energy into the energy found in the food it makes?

23. 8-2 Vocabulary • Photosynthesis- • process where plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates ________ go through photosynthesis in order to get ___________. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Light

24. ThinkPair Share • What do plants take in during photosynthesis? • What do plants give out after photosynthesis? Plants give out _____ and ______. Plants take in _____ and ______. Together, explain photosynthesis equation

25. Pigment- light-absorbing colored molecule _________ is the pigment of my shirt. _________ is the pigment in plants.

26. Chlorophyll- pigment of plants; capture light energy Chlorophyll absorbs all colors except green. Green is reflected back and that is why plants are green.

27. ThinkPair Share • Pigment Definition • Chlorophyll Sentence • Pigment Sentence • Chlorophyll Definition Together, compare and contrast pigment and chlorophyll

28. Thylakoid- Saclike body in chloroplasts made of photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems. Thylakoids _______ the ______ of sunlight.

29. ThinkPair Share • Where are thylakoids found in? • What do they take in? Thylakoids take in _______ Thylakoids are found in _____ Together, explain the what thylakoids do for the cholorplast

30. 8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis Notes 1. The Photosynthesis Equation • Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert carbondioxide and water into high-energy sugar and oxygen • 6C02 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 +602 • Chemically: Green Plant 6C02 + 6H2O C6H12O6 +602 Light Energy ( Carbon dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen) • Written: “Six molecules of carbon dioxide plus six molecules of water combine in the presence of a green plant and light energy to form one molecule of sugar and six molecules of oxygen.”

31. Left Side Questions: • Explain photosynthesis • What are the reactants & products of photosynthesis Essential Question: Explain the reactants and products in photosynthesis

32. Potato A: Explain photosynthesis. Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say about photosynthesis. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B: I heard you say that photosynthesis is ___________. Left Side Question #1

33. Pota-toe B: Tell your partner the reactants & products in photosynthesis. Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say the reactant and products are in photosynthesis. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for POTATO A: I heard you say that the reactants in photosynthesis are _______. I heard you say that the products in photosynthesis are _______. Left Side Question #2

34. 8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis 2. Light and Pigments a. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a molecule in chloroplasts b. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments • The principal pigment is chlorophyll • Energy molecules released from the reaction are ATP & NADPH

35. Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption Section 8-2 Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a V B G Y O R Go to Section:

36. 8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis 3. Inside a Chloroplast a. Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes call thylakoids arranged in stacks b. The thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments and protein known as photosystems c. There are two stages to photosynthesis used to make glucose • Light-dependent reactions: take place in the thylakoid • Light-independent reactions (CalvinCycle): takes place in the stroma, outside the thylakoid

37. Left Side Questions: 3) Explain what is found inside the choroloplast 4) Describe the two stages of photosynthesis Essential Question: What organelle collects the sun’s energy?

38. Potato A: Describe one of the photosynthesis stages. Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say about that photosynthesis stage. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B: I heard you say that ___________. Left Side Question #4

39. Pota-toe B : Describe the other photosynthesis stage. Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say about that photosynthesis stage. You have 30 seconds! Sentence Stem for Potato A: I heard you say that ___________. Left Side Question #4

40. Photosynthesis: Reactants andProducts Section 8-2 Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2 Go to Section:

41. 8-3Light-Dependent Reactions & Calvin Cycle

42. Question of the day: What are the products of photosynthesis? • Objective: I will be able to list the two main steps of photosynthesis and the location of the two main steps

43. 8-3 Vocabulary Stroma- • area outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts The stroma is the _______ outside the _________ membranes. The Calvin Cycle takes place here.

44. ThinkPair Share • Where is the stroma found in? • What process do they help with? They help with _______ Stomas are found in _____ Together, explain the what stromas do for the cholorplast

45. NADP+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) – carrier molecules that transfer high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules. NADP+ carries high - _______ electrons to ________ molecules. Ex: Moving coal from a fireplace/campfire. You wouldn’t use your hands, you would use a bucket to carry the coals (NADP+ is the bucket)

46. ThinkPair Share • Describe NADP in ONE WORD. NADP can be described as _____ Together, explain the similarities between ATP and NADP

47. Light-dependent reaction- reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH Light- dependent reaction needs ________ to work. It takes place in the __________.

49. ThinkPair Share • Where does Light-Dependent Reactions take place? Light Dependent Reactions take place in the __________ Together, identify where light dependent reactions take place.

50. ATP synthase- large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP ADP + P = ATP ATP ADP ENERGY