Reporting Statements, Questions, Commands, Requests and Suggestions

1. Reporting Statements, Questions, Commands, Requests and Suggestions

2. REPORTED SPEECH What is it ? How do you use it? He said he was feeling ill. Where’s Tom? We use it when we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e.g telephone call, news or a story that someone told us, etc.)

3. Changes: while Reporting Direct Speech • Verb Tense(when the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense – most times. See next slide) • Personal Pronouns, Possessives (In a logical way, see every sentence) • Demonstratives:This  That These Those • Time & Place Expressions

4. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH 'Iknow quite a lot of peoplehere.‘ Ashis said. Present Simple Simple Past Ashis said that heknew quite a lot of people there ‘Ravi is feeling much better ' Raghu said. Present Continuous Raghu said that Ravi was feeling much better PastContinuous ' Ienjoyed my holidays in Ooty‘, Swami said. Simple Past PastPerfect Swami said that hehad enjoyedhis holiday in Ooty. ‘Abu wasn´t feeling very well ' The teacher said. Past Continuous The teacher said that Abu hadn’t been feeling very well PastPerfectContinuous ' They‘ve seen the Taj Mahal' Sinu said. Present Perfect PastPerfect Sinu said that they had seen the Taj Mahal. ' Ihave been waiting for ages’ Anu said. Present Perfect Continuous Anu said that she had been waiting for ages ' Nobody had warned them about the Tsunami ' The politician said. Past Perfect PastPerfect (Nochange) The politician said that nobody had warned them about the Tsunami. ' She had been reading all day ‘, Habeeba said. Past Perfect Continuous Habeeba said that she had been reading all day PastPerfectContinuous (No change) Changes in Verb Tense, Possessives PastPerfect Continuous

5. 'Iwill behere with you.' Radha promised me. Radha promised that she would be therewith me Future Simple Conditional ‘Gopi is going to study Tamil ' Saleem said. Be going to Saleem said that Gopi was going to study Tamil Was/Were going to MODAL VERBS: ' We can startthe lesson' Samuel said. Can Could Samuel said that they could start the lesson ' They may come home ' My husband said. May My husband said that they might come home Might Must Will/ Shall Had to Would ' Youmust be quiet in class ' The teacher told us. ‘ I’ll see you later!’ She said. The teacher told us that wehad to be quiet in class. She told that she would see me later.

6. Changes in Time and Place expressions:

7. REPORTING STATEMENTS Statements are Affirmative or Negative Sentences. We use a Reporting Verb + That (it can be omitted) + Subject + verb in Previous tense + ... - “The students are tired”- said the teacher The teacher said(that)the students were tired. - “It’s the funniest show I’ve ever seen” -Minu told me. Minu told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen. -“I’ll call you this afternoon” - Venu assured Venu assured us (that)he would call us that afternoon.

8. Reporting Verbs Usually Used The most common ones: Told, said, answered, admitted, added, explained, denied, observed, replied, remarked Followed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted) *

9. REPORTING QUESTIONS • YES / NO QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb + Iforwhether + Subject + Verb +... “Are you just coming to the class?”Samuel said to Swami. Samuel asked if/whether Swami was comingto class. (No Question Mark) “Have you written anything about our teacher, Samuel?”Swami asked his father. Swami wanted to know if his father had writtenanything about their teacher Samuel.

10. WH- QUESTIONS: Reporting Verb +Question Word(s) + Subject + Verb “Why are you late?” Samuel askedSwami. Samuel askedSwamiwhy he was late. “Whydidnot Columbus come to India, sir?” Swamiasked. Swamiaskedhisteacherwhy Columbus hadn’t come to India. ReportingVerbs asked, enquired, wantedtoknow, interrogated

11. REPORTING COMMANDS (ORDERS) The Imperative changes into ‘ToInfinitive’: Samuel said to Swami: “Open your hand” Samuel commanded Swami to open his hand. Father said to Swami: “Dress up and go”  Father told Swami to dress up and go. “Don’t shout”, Samuel said. Samuel ordered Swami not to shout. Reporting Verbs: Tell, ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct,...

12. REPORTING SUGGESTIONS: • (We normally use suggest that + Clause • Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not…are omitted) • “Let’sgo to the beach” • “Why don’t we go to the beach?” • “Shall we go to the beach?” • She suggested that we (should) go to the theatre • “Let’s not argue again,” he said. • He suggested that they should not argue again.

13. REPORTING REQUESTS We use these Reporting Verbs: beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to The word “please” is omitted. “Can I go out tonight, mum, please?” The boy begged. The boy begged to go out that night. “Ravi, don’t open the window, please” I said I asked /requested/begged Ravi not to open the window. “Can you let me use your phone, please?” I asked my neighbour. I asked my neighbour to letme use her phone. “Can I use your phone?” I asked my neighbour I asked my neighbour if Icoulduse her phone OR To use her phone

14. Other Verbs & Structures: • Anu: Would you wait half an hour? • Tomy: All right • Tomy agreed to wait half an hour. • Sunil: Would you lend me another Rs.50? • Jasim: No, I won´t lend you any more money • Jasim refused to lend Sunil any more money. • You took my money! He accused her of taking his money • I am sorry I’m late She apologized for being late • Let me pay, please She insisted on paying Agree, refuse, offer, promise, threaten, warn + To Infinitive: Accuse of, admit, apologize for, deny, insist on + Gerund

15. End Prepared by Abdul Hakeem. C.P G.H.S.S Narikkuni