Prehistory- History that happened before the invention of writing.

1. People who study fossils, look for early Ancestors by, digging through layers of sand and rocks in the ground. Fossils have been found throughout the earth. For example in 1896, Eugene Dudois, a Dutch Surgeon, found in the earth a human ancestor in southeastern Asia. Another founding of an ancestor was in 1927, in Beijing China.

2. Prehistory- History that happened before the invention of writing. • Evidence- Proof rather than written words • Archaeologist- Locate and study the things left behind by people • Paleoanthropologists- Study the ancestors of modern people • Fossils-Remains of once living things • Excavate-To uncover by digging at something

3. Lucy Lucy, an ancient hominid got her name when a tape recorder in Don Johanson’s camp ( at the time of the discovery) was playing the Beatles’ song “ Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.” Back in the United States, Don Johanson and Tim White rebuilt Lucy’s skeleton from tiny bone fragments. When Lucy was alive, she was about 4 feet tall and was 19 to 21 when she died. Lucy walked on two feet and probably spent much of her time in open country rather than in forests.

4. Early ancestors: Vocabulary • Bands- Small Groups

5. Australopithecine and Homo Habilis • The Australopithecine lived in Eastern Africa. They were mostly plant-eaters and did not talk. The only time they ate meat was when there were lion leftovers, so they were scavengers. • Homo Habilis lived in Southern Africa, and traveled across open grasslands in search of food. They were plant-eaters too, and scavenged for meat from lions and leopards. They were one of the first to use knives to cut meat.

6. Homo Erectus and Homo Sapiens • Homo Erectus also lived in Africa and were the first to talk but could only make a few sounds. They were also the first people to make fire. • Homo Sapiens were a lot like the homo erectus, but their life was changed by the homo erectus.

7. Neanderthals In 1856 while workers were digging for stone they made an unusual discovery in a buried cave in Germany Neander Valley. They had found an odd looking human skull and with it they found leg and arm bones. Later on a brutish biologist named Thomas Huxley identified the discovery as an early Homo Sapiens fossil. It was the first ever found. Scientists now know that while Neanderthals are homo saphiens they are not our direct ancestors. By: Vicky Shannon and Tatiana ruano

8. Hunters and gatherers pg. 55-57 Nearly 200,000 years ago early humans began to get larger brains. Around 150,000 years ago homo sapiens began to make tools and move around the world. This enabled the population to grow and flourish. Go humans!

9. vocab • artifacts -

10. Neanderthals By: Vicky Shannon And Tatiana Ruano

11. Neanderthals In 1856 while workers were digging for stone they made an unusual discovery in a buried cave in Germany Neander Valley. They had found an odd looking human skull and with it they found leg and arm bones. Later on a brutish biologist named Thomas Huxley identified the discovery as an early Homo Sapiens fossil. It was the first ever found. Scientists now know that while Neanderthals are homo saphiens they are not our direct ancestors.

12. MigrationBy: Gabrielle Beyrer The first migration took place in East Africa, about 100,000 years ago. The homo sapiens started moving more north, into Asia, where they spread out all over the continent. They also went into Europe, Australia and the islands separating Asia and Australia. MIGRATION LOCATIONS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER: _________________________________________________________ • East Africa ( 100,000 years ago) • Europe ( 40,000 years ago) • West Asia (65,000 years ago) • Northern Asia (65,000 years ago) • Southern Asia (65,000 years ago) • Australia (50,000 years ago) • North America (12,000 – 40,000 years ago) • Central America (12,000 – 40,000 years ago) • South America ( 12,000 – 40,000 years ago)

13. Social Studies text page 60- 61 “ Early Cultures And Societies” Summary • People in the early times usually hunted animals and gathered wild plants, but each group had their own different cultures. People’s cultures were different because of each group’s location and available resources. Over time, cultures change. The increased use of language helped early people join together to form a society. It is the differences in society and culture that set them apart.

14. Vocabulary • Culture- a way of life • Society- an organized group of people living or working under set of rules and traditions

15. Information Some early people came to depend less on raising crops and more on raising livestock. Some of the early people who cared for livestock were nomads, or people who had no settled home. In settled societies herders and farmers grew to depend on one another. One would grow what the other did not. Agriculture, the raising of domesticated plants and animals, changed the human society forever, providing a reliable food source, and even allowing farmers to grow more than needed. When the societies increased, not everyone had to farm all the time, so they began to do different tasks. Some farmed, made tools or clothes, built shelters, and others served as leaders. The leader s made important decisions such as what crops to plant, where to plant them, and who would care for them. Leaders also protected the people. One common source of protection was walls. They could be used for the prevention of enemies, floods, and other dangers. Together, the people in the community helped each other out in hardships or problems, and so the societies increased as well as the jobs. By helping each other out, the people and their communities grew and were strengthened. In CatalHuyuk as many as 6,000 people lived side y side in ancient CatalHuyuk.

16. Vocabulary • Livestock: Domesticated animals such as cattle, sheep, and pigs. • Nomads: People with no settled homes. • Agriculture: Raising domesticated animals and plants. • Environment: Surroundings. • Divisions of Labor: A system in which the members of a group do different tasks according to their abilities and their group’s needs.

17. Diversity In AgricultureBy: Sami Vogel, Elizabeth Maus and Diana Currier

18. Early Farmers In this section early people knew that they wouldn’t survive with just hunting and gathering, so they grew crops and raised animals. About 10,000 years ago, some hunters societies made there own food. By Lydia, Ahna, and Chandler

19. Early Farming Areas • Tigris-Euphrates Valley 10,000 years ago farmed &raised barley , wheat , goats and sheep. • Andean 9,8000 years ago farmed &raised beans ,chili peppers , alpacas and llamas • Huang He Valley 8,000 years ago farmed & raised millet

20. Compare and contrast cultures

21. Making Tools with Natural Resources • To make a needle, early people used a flint tool to cut a triangle shape from an antler. • They then made the hole of the needle with a sharp piece of flint. • Next they sharpened the needle’s point by rubbing it across a block of sandstone.

22. Vocab • Culture-A way of life. • Society-an organizer group of people living and working under a set of rules and traditions.