Reason

1. Reason Mapping our Knowledge

2. DO NOW – ROLL THE DICE • Religious Knowledge Systems 1. Reason • Indigenous Knowledge Systems 2. Imagination • Ethics 3. Memory • History4. Language • The Arts 5. Faith • Natural Sciences 6. Intuition • Human Sciences 7. Emotion • Mathematics 8. Sense Perception Roll One dice and pick either a WOK or AOK that matches number. Roll second dice and do the same with what is left over. Combine both and write a knowledge question!

3. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic.

4. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • What if you wanted to know more about what your father is thinking? Your girlfriend/boyfriend? Your enemy? • Or you want to know more about math, the weather or swimming? • Do you use reason?

5. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • Reason – is the Gatekeeper of WOKs (Why?)

6. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • Perception needs to make sense • Intuition is tested by reason • Reason helps control our emotions or at least holds them in check • Faith, Memory, Language, Imagination

7. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • Reason is a part of our identity • We are a Rational species • “Our species argues with words to defend opinions and reasons about our beliefs and their consequences” (Bastian) • We are rational on a personal level as well as in Philosophy • Beginning with the Decartes and moving to Locke labeled rationalism and empiricism

8. Reason – Mapping Our Knowledge • Rational = sitting and thinking = reason = logic • Empirical = going and looking = perception = observation

9. Reason – Mapping our knowledge Once upon a time there was a woman who thought she heard a burglar downstairs. She woke the Husband . . . Woman: Honey, I think someone is in the house. I think I should go and check. Man: There’s no one in the house. If someone were in the house, the alarm would have gone off. Go back to sleep. Woman: Maybe someone cut the wires. Man: Don’t be silly the dog would have barked Woman: Maybe they chloroformed the dog. I’m going to go and look. And on and on . . .neither conceding to the other’s way of finding out what they need to know and how to confirm it.

10. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • Use of reason to make things clear and focused • We search for the point of things • The Truman Show “What happens next?” • What is the answer to the riddle? • How did someone die? • We use logic and reason in every part of our daily lives

11. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • Deductive and Inductive Reasoning • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRcNQkWNWNk

12. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge (Syllogisms) All Men are mortal. True Proposition Major Premise Socrates is a man. True Proposition Minor Premise Socrates is mortal. True Proposition Conclusion Valid All men are Mortal. True Proposition Major Premise Socrates is mortal. True Proposition Minor Premise Socrates is a man. True Proposition Conclusion Invalid

13. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge If I study, I will pass. If I study, I will pass. And I studied. But I didn’t study. So I passed. So, I didn’t pass. The moon is made of green cheese. False Proposition Major Premise My arm is part of the moon. False Proposition Minor Premise My arm is made of green cheese. False Proposition Conclusion ?

14. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge • IgnesSemmelweis– Hungarian Scientist • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OU8MsykzAKQ

15. Reason – Mapping our Knowledge Group Work • Is a persuasive Reason necessarily grounded in truth? • Does the Nature of Reason Vary across cultures? • Does knowledge always require some kind of rational basis? • When are informal fallacies often plausible and convincing? • What constitutes good reason and for beliefs? (Work as a group to answer the questions and present in class)