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The Demographic Transition

The Demographic Transition. Dr. Arielle Kuperberg. Today’s class. What is the demographic transition? What causes the demographic transition? What are the consequences of the demographic transition? . The Demographic Transition. What causes a decline in mortality rates?.

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The Demographic Transition

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  1. The Demographic Transition Dr. Arielle Kuperberg

  2. Today’s class • What is the demographic transition? • What causes the demographic transition? • What are the consequences of the demographic transition?

  3. The Demographic Transition

  4. What causes a decline in mortality rates? • Agricultural revolution and improved nutrition • Inoculation and vaccination technology • Water filtration and sanitation • Germ theory vs. miasma theory • Pasteurization • All of the above reduces rates of infectious diseases, especially in young children

  5. Why does a fertility decline follow a mortality decline? • Desire for surviving children, more children surviving • Transition from agricultural based economy to industrial economy • Children no longer economic assets • Quantity / Quality tradeoff • Secularization and women’s rights • Overpopulation leads to reduced standard of living, fewer children

  6. Consequences of the Demographic Transition • Longer life spans, increasing number of elderly people • Urbanization • Migration from lesser developed countries to highly developed countries due to overpopulation • History of US migration reflects history of development • Leads to increased diversity in highly developed countries • Shift in Gender Roles and Family Structure • With fewer children, more opportunities for women • Longer life spans = delayed adulthood (older age at marriage, cohabitation rates), increase in rates of divorce and remarriage

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