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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Sound localization. Auditory Localization. Auditory space Objects are located in different positions based on their sounds This space extends around you in every direction Auditory localization Locating objects based on sound Coordinates. Auditory Localization.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Sound localization

  2. Auditory Localization • Auditory space • Objects are located in different positions based on their sounds • This space extends around you in every direction • Auditory localization • Locating objects based on sound • Coordinates

  3. Auditory Localization • Azimuth coordinate • Left and right • Elevation Coordinate • Up and down • Distance coordinate • How far a sound source is from the listener

  4. Location Cues • Location Cues • How sound interacts with the person’s head • Binaural cues • Interaural time difference (ITD) • Difference in the time that a sound reaches the left and right ears

  5. Location Cues • Binaural cues • Interaural time difference • Sound shadow • Sound waves are disrupted by the head creating a difference in sound intensity on the far side of the head • This cue is only effective for high frequency sounds

  6. Location Cues • Binaural cues • Interaural level difference (ILD) • Based on the difference in the sound level of the sound reaching the two ears • I.E. based on sound intensity

  7. Location Cues • Binaural cues • Interaural level difference (ILD) • Works for low frequency sound based on intensity of the sound

  8. Location Cues • Monaural Cues • Head-related transfer function (HRTF) • The head and pinnae decrease the intensity of some frequencies and enhance others • This is a spectral cue • Information for location is provided by the spectrum of frequencies that occurs at each location

  9. Sound Localizationin the Cortex • The auditory cortex is necessary for localization • Removal of part or all of the cortex results in decreased accuracy of localization • There are spatially tuned neurons (panoramic neurons) • These neurons are arranged in topographic maps • As info goes from A1 to the parabelt it is more spatially tuned to location

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