Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia

1. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia By: Devon Nuel, Jared Grapes, Max Sala, and Alex Landy

2. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia • Western imperialists, including the United States, claim lands in: • The South Pacific • Southeast Asia • Hawaiian Islands • Only Siam remains independent.

3. Western rivalries for Pacific Rim • Demand for Asian products • Drove Europeans to seek possession of Southeast Asia and islands of Pacific Rim • Wanted area for its resources • Sugar cane, coffee, cocoa • Rubber, coconuts • Bananas, & pineapple • As trade grew, European powers claimed more lands

4. Dutch controlled Indonesia • Dutch East India Company controlled island chain • Indonesia • Created rigid class system • Dutch on top • Wealthy and educated Indonesians in the middle • Plantation workers/ farmers at bottom

5. British’s control of Malay Peninsula • The British took port of Singapore plus Malaysia & Burma • British encouraged Chinese to move to Malaysia for working purposes • Malaysia/ Burma • Resources • Large deposits of tin • World’s leading rubber exporter • Oil

6. France’s control of Indochina • Indochina (modern Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) • French wanted: • Large overseas market • Military intervention • Did not encourage local industry • Rice became major export crop • Consumption decreased, because it was shipped out of the region • Set stage for Vietnamese resistance against the French

7. Impact of Colonialism • Colonialism brought features of modern life to southeast Asia • Economy improved • Roads, harbors, rail systems improved communication/ transportation • Education/Health/Sanitation • Economic changes benefited European business • Cash crops/goods(rubber, tin) • People from other areas of Asia migrated • Working in Southeast Asia • plantations • mines • Migration made Southeast Asia a “melting pot.”

8. Siam’s Independence • Siam (Thailand) maintained its independence • King Monghut and his son modernized Siam • Without giving up power to western powers • Started schools • Reformed legal system • Reorganized government • Built railroads, telegraph systems • Ended slavery • Escaped: • turmoil • economic exploitation • racist treatment

9. US Imperialism • Late 1800’s, US began to seek colonies • 1898, Spanish-American War • US won: • Puerto Rico • Guam • Philippine Islands • Emilio Aguinaldo- leader in fight against Spain • Struggle with Americans for Filipino freedom • United States defeated the rebels in 1902 • American businesses exploited Filipinos • Cash crops at expense of basic food crops

10. Republic of Hawaii annexed as US Territory • American businessmen grew wealthy from plantations • Imported laborers from: • Japan • Portugal • China • Close ties with US • McKinley Tariff of 1890 provoked crisis • American planters called for US to annex islands • 1890’s, Queen Liliuokalani tried to regain control • Business groups organized a revolution • With help of US marines they overthrew the queen • Government headed by Sanford B. Dole • Republic of Hawaii • Asked the US to annex Hawaii • 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States!

11. THE END!