Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia

Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia Vietnam and the Philippines

Terms • Pacific Rim- the lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean, especially those in Asia • Emilio Aguinaldo-Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain. He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901 • Annexation-the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit • Queen Lilioukalani-the queen of Hawaii who was deposed by American settlers before the islands were annexed by the United States

Historical Background • Islands in Southeast Asia had long been dominated by the Dutch and Portuguese • Europeans were attracted by fertile soil, constant warmth, heavy rains, and plentiful labor • Countries in Southeast Asia grew tobacco, cinchona, manioc, maize, natural rubber, and spices

Imperialism in Southeast Asia • British took over Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia in 1795 • Wars in Europe ended much of Dutch and French dominance in this area • 1811, the British seized the island of Java, the center of the Netherlands’ East Indian Empire • British took over French possessions in the Indian Ocean after they attacked them • British established a port at Singapore in 1824, which soon became a center of trade between the Indian Ocean and China • The British expanded in Malaysia, Assam, and Burma • Raw materials from Southeast Asia were exported to Britain, where they were made into manufactured goods and then sold back to people in the colonies • The new clipper ships were capable of moving greater amounts of goods at a faster rate over longer distances

Pros of Imperialism In Southeast Asia • Clipper ships lowered the price of shipping • Colonies provided Europe with larger markets • Southeast Asia’s trade increased • Trade gave the region peace and a steady food supply, led to a dramatic population increase • European ideas and education were spread throughout the area

Cons of Imperialism • Because of population growth, some were forced to move to other areas, leading to the displacement of others • Domination by a foreign country • Competition from British manufactured goods put many people out of jobs

Railroads in Southeast Asia • This map shows how influence from Europe transformed Southeast Asia. When Europeans colonized this area, they brought their technology with them. These railroads are just one example of how European technology changed this area

Industrial Map • This map shows the different industries that are present in Vietnam. The industrialization present there is a result of colonization by the Europeans. As they came, the Europeans brought over technologies that they were using to produce goods faster, and put them to use in their colonies.

Imperialism in Hawaii and the Philippines • The United States had a fast growing economy in the later 1800s, more goods were being produced than people could buy • Looked to expand their markets • Obtained Pago Pago in Samoa in 1878, and Pearl Harbor in 1887 • In 1893, American settlers in Hawaii deposed the Queen and offered the Islands to the United States • At first it was only a protectorate, but under William McKinnley, the US became imperialistic and decided to annex Hawaii • After the Spanish American War, the US purchased the Philippines from Spain for 20 million dollars

Response to Imperialism in the Philippines • Filipinos were unhappy with being under Spanish rule so they rose up under Emilio Aguinaldo • After the Spanish were defeated by the Americans, the Filipinos were not eager to be rule by the Americans • At first they were obedient, hoping to gain full independence, but when this was rejected, they rose up again under Aguinaldo • The Americans put down the rebellion harshly, but after the war they softened their rule, focusing on public works projects • In 1907, the Filipinos were allowed to elect representatives to a legislative body • 1916, the US promised full independence to the Philippines • The Philippines did not become independent until thirty years later

Pros of Imperialism in Hawaii and the Philippines • The United States gained larger markets for their growing economy • European ideas, technology, and education were spread • Hawaii was annexed by the United States • Trade increased

Cons of Imperialism in Hawaii and the Philippines • Domination by a foreign country • Rebellion was started • Americans put down the rebellion by torturing prisoners, burning villages, burning crops, and forcing inhabitants into reconcentration camps

Effects of Imperialism • Hawaii was added to the United States as one of the states • Hawaii, the Philippines, and other islands in the Pacific became important battlegrounds in World War II because of their connection to the United States • Widespread poverty continues in Southeast Asia • Christianity became one of the predominant religions in this area, behind Buddhism and Islam

This map shows different port cities in Hawaii. These cities became important to the United States, who used them as important centers for controlling their Pacific colonies. These cities are also the most important cities in Hawaii today, such as the capital, Honolulu.

Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia