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Spread of Islam

Spread of Islam. Where did Islam Spread?. Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Fertile Crescent, N. Africa, Asia (weak Byzantine and Persian Empires) Arabic language spread. Why Did Islam Spread?. spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories.

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Spread of Islam

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  1. Spread of Islam

  2. Where did Islam Spread? Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina Fertile Crescent, N. Africa, Asia (weak Byzantine and Persian Empires) Arabic language spread

  3. Why Did Islam Spread? spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories Reasons for appeal: • simple, direct message • equality of all believers • based on oral traditions – did not need to be literate

  4. How did Islam Spread? • Muhammad issues jihad – “Holy War” • After Muhammad’s death, who should rule???? • Caliph = Successor • Each Caliph was elected • Qu’ran as guide

  5. 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs632-661 CE • Abu Bakr: • Unites Arabia • Writes down Qur’an • Umar: • Conquers Syria, Egypt & parts of Persia • Uthman & Ali: • By 750, empires went from Atlantic Ocean to Indus Valley, including Spain • Division of Muslims about who should rule • Sunni & Shi’a(Shiites)

  6. Why Were the Caliphs Successful? • disciplined armies • weak Byzantine and Persian Empires • persecuted people welcomed them as liberators • Message appealing • no payment of Tax

  7. Umayyad Dynasty661-750 CE • Moved capital to Damascus • Caliphs chosen by heredity • Abandoned simple life -- Surrounded themselves with wealth • (Simple life  wealthy life) • These facts lead to a fundamental division in Muslim community

  8. Shi’as – Shiites Sunni – Shi’a Split • Party of Ali • Calpihs – direct descendants of Muhammad • Only Imam can interpret Qu’ran • 20% of Muslims • Iran Sunnis • Support all four Calpihs • Any religious person can interpret Qu’ran • 80% of Muslims • Iraq, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia

  9. Abbasid Dynasty750-1258 CE • 750 CE – Abbasids take over • Murder remaining Umayyads • Move capital to Baghdad – center of family power • Religious leaders helped control empire

  10. Spread of Islam • Across Asia and Africa, and into Spain

  11. Islamic Holy Cities • Mecca – site of Ka’aba • Medina – city of prophet – Hijrah • Jerusalem – Dome of the Rock – Muhammad ascends to heaven. Jerusalem Medina Mecca

  12. Historical Turning Points • Death of Ali - Sunni-Shi’adivision • Who should lead Islam? • Muslim conquest of Damascus • Umayyad Dynasty • Islamic capital moved to Baghdad • Abbasid Dynasty • Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – 732 CE • Stopped Spread of Islam into Europe • Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols – 1258 CE • End of Islamic Empire

  13. 2 2 Section Assessment Period of Rule Rulers Developments in Islam HOME The Spread of Islam GRAPH 1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their rule and at least two developments that affected the growth or strength of Islam during that period. Rightly Guided Caliphs 632-661 Spread of Islam east and west, tolerance of Jews and Christians Umayyads 661-750 Split between Sunni and Shi’a, development of Sufi movement Abbasids 750-1258 Shift of capital to Baghdad, growth of Muslim trade network continued . . .

  14. Think About: • Founding • Major branches • Holy Book • Law • Teachings • Prophets • Place of worship Muslims Believe Pre-AP: write a thesis statement comparing and contrasting the three monotheistic religions Jews Believe Christians Believe All Believe

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