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Spread of islam

Spread of islam. Chapter 9, section 2. The inside story. Page 262 Read The Inside Story. After muhammad’s death. Muhammad’s death: 632 Who would lead the group??? This threatened Islam’s spread & future!. Succession. Muhammad had not named a successor & NO clear candidate

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Spread of islam

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  1. Spread of islam Chapter 9, section 2

  2. The inside story • Page 262 • Read The Inside Story

  3. After muhammad’s death • Muhammad’s death: 632 • Who would lead the group??? • This threatened Islam’s spread & future!

  4. Succession • Muhammad had not named a successor & NO clear candidate • Abu Bakr was chosen

  5. caliph • Bakr (& those after him) was called caliph-”successor” • Built up his army • Why? • So what do you think happens?? • See “Expansion of Territory” on page 263

  6. Internal conflict & division • Ali-Muhammad’s cousin & son-in-law • 644-Ali lost again-Uthman won (supported by the powerful Umayyad clan of Mecca) • Rebels killed Uthman • Ali became caliph • Civil war broke out between Ali’s forces & the Umayyads • Ali was killed & Umayyads retook control

  7. sunnis • Mu’awiya-the new Umayyad caliph • Sunnis-supported Mu’awiya-Sunnis means “followers of the Sunna” or “way of the Prophet”

  8. shia • Shia-”party of Ali”-refused to go along with the Umayyads • The Shia call each of Ali’s successors imam, which means “leader” & for the Shia, only imams can interpret the Qur’an • Also called Shi’ite

  9. Sunnis/Shia • Shia majorities: Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Azerbaijan, Bahrain • 10-20% Shia. 75-90% Sunni.

  10. Third group • Sufis-seek a mystical, personal connection with Allah/God • Use a range of practices, including breath control & meditation

  11. The umayyad dynasty • 661-750 CE (41-132 AH-After Hijira) • Muslim rule spread-empire expanded (China, India, northern Africa, Spain) • Arabic became official language • Uniform coins • Dome of the Rock was begun

  12. Dome of the rock • A Virtual Walking Tour: The Al-Haram Al-Sharif

  13. Umayyad dynasty-military failures • Didn’t take Constantinople • Defeated in 732 at the Battle of Tours in France • Moors • The Battle of Tours, 732AD - YouTube

  14. Muslim rule • Allowed religious freedom for Jews and Christians-they were People of the Book

  15. Umayyad dynasty • People became unhappy • Abbasids-family-led byMuhammad’s uncle-in late 700s • Enters the Abbasid dynasty

  16. Abbasid dynasty • New capital in Baghdad-in today’s Iraq

  17. Abbasid dynasty • The move to Baghdad marked the beginning of the end of Arab domination of the Muslim world!!! • Nature of Islam changed. Invited all people to join the Muslim community. So Islam turned into a universal relgion!

  18. How did islam spread?? • Through trade • Culture flourished • But caliphate lost power

  19. End of unity • See chart on page 267. • Challenges from European Christians • Problems from Egypt-the Fatimids-900s • Seljuk Turks-1000s • Mamluks and Mongols-1200s

  20. The Life of Prophet Muhammad - Full Episode - YouTube

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