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Tourism and Culture

Tourism and Culture. 孔海燕 Business School Shandong University at Weihai. Lesson 5 Religions and Tourism. Class Activities. Introduction Group Discussion & Role Play Evaluation (Brainstorming). Instructional Objectives.

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Tourism and Culture

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  1. Tourism and Culture 孔海燕 Business School Shandong University at Weihai Lesson 5 Religions and Tourism

  2. Class Activities • Introduction • Group Discussion & • Role Play • Evaluation (Brainstorming)

  3. Instructional Objectives By the end of class today, you will be able to: • Understand the importance of religions in tourism • Grasp the main key terms • Understand four main religions in China • Explain the content of Confucius and Taosim • Introduce Chinese religion policy to foreigners

  4. Introduction outline • Key terms • Religion tourism in the world • Types of religions in China • History of Buddhism • Main content of Confucius • Ideas of Taosim • The influence of different religions

  5. Key Terms • Buddhism 佛教 • Taosim 道教 • Islam 伊斯兰教 • Catholicism 天主教 • Protestantism [ˈprɔtɪstənˌtɪzəm] 新教。 基督教的派别 • be a branch of • an integral part of 是、、、的必不可缺少的组成部分 • to originate • prejudice, ignorance, or superstition 偏见， 无知， 迷信

  6. Key Terms • to believe in detachment of the individual from worldly cares and the eventual attainment of a state of enlightenment 信奉个人超脱世俗的困扰，最终达到大彻大悟 • mental health and physical well-being 身心健康 • to reach a state of spiritual perfection 达到一种精神上绝对宁静 • to worship supernatural beings 信奉超自然存在 • the most famous maxims of … 最有名的格言 • Do not do to others what you would not want done to yourself

  7. Key Terms • to advocate 提倡 • benevolence 仁 • the core of • the ideal mode of conduct 理想的行为规范 • Gain new insights through restudying old material。 • Those who rely on virtue will thrive and those who rely on force will perish. 持德者昌，持力者亡

  8. Key Terms • select and cherish what is right in 吸取精华 • to benefit people regardless of times and boundaries 使人们受益，不分时代，不分国界 • West point Military Academy • Sunzi’s “Military Strategy and Tactics” • West Point Military Academy • to have freedom of • to be looked down upon • to do missionary work 从事传教活动 • religious affairs

  9. Key Terms • to have beliefs 有信仰 • temples, nunneries, churches, 寺庙， 尼姑庵， 教堂 • mosques, lamaseries 清真寺， 喇嘛寺 • Heavenly Powers • a likely candidate • be always on the go • fierce competition 激烈的竞争 • complications

  10. 1. Religion and Tourism • One of the most important motivation for travel through all of recorded history is the religious pilgrimage. • Pilgrimages are one of the oldest reasons for travel. • Many inns and restaurants developed to support pilgrimage travelers.

  11. 1. Religion and Tourism • The best-known pilgrimages are to Mecca. • Large numbers of people go to the headquarters of their church organizations and to areas well known in their religious literature. • Often these are group trip.

  12. 1. Religion and Tourism • Religious attractions have always been popular sites for both domestic and international travelers. • There are many historic and religious sites in China

  13. 2. Types of Religions in China • Five types of religions in China: • Buddhism • Taosim • Islam • Catholicism 天主教 • Protestantism 新教 (Christianity基督教三大派别，天主教、新教正教orthodoxy）

  14. 3. Buddhism • Buddhism was first introduced into Tibet by Indian monks in 2 B.C. • In Tibet, it eventually developed into Lamaism • So, Lamaism is in fact a branch of Buddhism.

  15. 3.Buddhism • Buddhism is the most influential religions in China. • Buddhism is an integral part of Chinese culture even though it did not originate in China.

  16. 3.1 Influence ofBuddhism • You can see the influence of Buddhism in almost all aspects of Chinese life, in our • philosophy and literatuere, • architecture • art • life in general

  17. 3.2 Content of Buddhism • Buddhists believe in detachment of the individual from worldly cares and the eventual attainment of a state of enlightenment, • that is being free from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition, and so on • to reach a state of spiritual perfection • and demonstrate this spirit in their daily life.

  18. 3.2 Content of Buddhism • Basically, Buddhism hope to reach a state in which they feel love and compassion for all living things.

  19. 4. Taoism • Taosim is a very ancient Chinese philosophy • It once had a great influence on China's politics, economy and culture.

  20. 4.1 Content ofTaoism • Taoists worship supernatural beings and • believe that their particular set of rules for food, exercise, and so on • can better their mental health and physical well-being • and even think it may help them to live for ever.

  21. 5. Confucianism • Confucius is, of course, very famous in China. • Confucianism is a kind of ancient philosophy that originated in China many years • before Buddhism was introduced.

  22. 5.1 Maxims of Confucianism • One of the most famous maxims of Confucius is • "Do not do to others what you would not want done to yourself" • One should treat others as one would wish to be treated oneself.

  23. 5.2. Core of Confucianism • What did Confucius advocate ? • Confucius laid stress on "Benevolence". • Benevolence is the core of Confucian thinking, • and it became the ideal mode of conduct in ancient Chinese society.

  24. 5.2. Core of Confucianism • A good example about this is that in ancient times, • before the two belligerent generals started to fight, • they often shouted to each other as a rule: • "Who is that coming general? • Please let me know your name. • A general like me will kill nobody, not even a devil if he doesn't have a name."

  25. 5.3. Ideas of Confucianism • Confucians were taught to love, • to love their parents, • respect their elders and betters, • be kind to their brothers, • and generous and understanding to every one.

  26. 5.3 Ideas of Confucianism • Gain new insights through restudying old material • Man is born good. • Those who rely on virtue will thrive and those who rely on force will perish • we just select and cherish what is right in Confucian thought.

  27. 5.4 Influence of Confucianism • We should regard the good ideas of the past as truths which can benefit people regradless of times and boundaries. • For example, the West Point Military Academy in the United States even called on its students to learn from LeiFeng, • a former model soldier in the PLA that Chinese people have looked up to as an example for near 50 years now.

  28. 5.4 Influence of Confucianism • Some Japanese companies take Sunzi's "Military Strategy and Tactics" • as part of the marketing strategies • which there management have to learn • Sunzi was a great Chinese general more than a thousand years ago.

  29. 5.4 Influence of Confucianism • The ancients cannot see the wonders of the modern world, but many of the changes were foretold by them many centuries ago. • Even though we moderns can't see the ancient moon, we know tha twe are all lit by the same moon in the same way as the ancients were once.

  30. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • Do the Chinese people have freedom of religious belief? • The Constitution of the People's Republic of China states that • citizens of People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief.

  31. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • Can foreigners come to China to do missionary work? • No. • China's religious bodies and religious affairs do not encourage any foreign influence.

  32. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • No organization or individual may compel citizens either to believe in, or not to believe in any religion. • People may not be looked down upon either because they believe in, or do not believe in some religion.

  33. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • How about lawful religious activities? • Religious activity is allowed in temples, nunneries, churches, mosques, lamaseries, and so on, • but outside these, • it is not allowed and it is not very suitable either to have such activities in other places, such as, in a classroom or a theater

  34. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • In China, many people don't believe in any religon, • but they don't mind learning good ideas from them.

  35. 6. Freedom of Religion Belief • Many people are especially interested in learning those teachings of Confucius • which are still valid and some of the ideas of ancient philosophers • just in order to be a man • and hopefully a good man.

  36. 7. Religious AttractionsConfucius Temple • The Confucius Temple locates in Qufu city, which is famous for its great thinkers such as Confucius and Menci.

  37. 7. Confucius Temple • The Confucius Temple was first built 1 year after the death of Confucius by the king of the state of Lu. • Starting from the West Han Dynasty, the Confucius Temple became a huge ancient building complex.

  38. 7.The Confucius Temple

  39. 7.1 Lingxing Gate • The main gate to the Confucius Temple. • It was originally a wooden structure built in the Ming Dynasty. • The present one with stone pillars and iron beams was built during Emperor Qianlong’s reign of the Qing Dynasty.

  40. 7.2 Shengshi Gate 圣时门 • The second gate to the Confucius Temple. • Confucius is the sage who is in tune with times. • 孔子集古圣先贤之大成， 是圣人中最适合时代的人。

  41. 7.3 Kuiwen Tower奎文阁 • This 3-storied building was first built in 1018 and was renovated in subsequent dynasties • It was the library and used to contain books and calligraphy works bestowed by emperors of different dynasties. • It is named Kuiwen Tower, because according to ancient Chinese legend, the Star of Kui is responsible for literary merits.

  42. 7.4 13 Imperial Tablet Pavilions十三御碑亭院 • They were built to protect the stone tablets. • There are altogether 53 tablets. • The imperial ones are all put on the back of turtle-like images. • These stone tablets were erected to record the tribute to Confucius and the restorations of the temple since the Tang Dynasty.

  43. This is the Great Success Gate and is the seventh gate of the Temple. • Its main gate in the center was usually closed in ancient days except for the grand tributary rituals. • People usually went to the hall by the 2 minor gates on both sides.

  44. 7.6 Xingtan 杏坛 • This is Xingtan, which literally means platform surrounded by apricot trees. • It is said that Confucius used to sit here, playing the fiddle, singing songs, and his students learned from him.

  45. The two Chinese characters “Xingtan” on the pavillion were written by Emperor Qianlong. • The two letters “Xingtan” on the well-prected tabletwere the calligraphy of Dang Huaiying, a great scholar of the Jin Dynasty. • This square pavilion was built in 1569.

  46. 7.7 The Great Success Hall 大成殿

  47. The hall was originally named the Hall of Emperor Wenxuan in the Tang Dynasty. • The eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty changed its name to the Great Success Hall

  48. This one was rebuilt in the 1720s during the time of Qing Dynasty’s Emperor Yongzheng. • It is 32meters high and extend 54 meters from east to west and 34 meters from south to north.

  49. Dragon Pillars • There are altogether 28 stone pillars, supporting the hall. • Each pillar is deep-carved with 2 dragons and a pearl.

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