The American People Face a New Century

1. Chapter 42 The American People Face a New Century

2. Question The inventor(s) of the Internet included • Apple and Microsoft. • government and industry scientists. • Apple and International Business Machines. • Al Gore.

3. Answer The inventor(s) of the Internet included • Apple and Microsoft. • government and industry scientists. (correct) • Apple and International Business Machines. • Al Gore. Hint: See page 1089.

4. Question All of the following were aspects of globalization EXCEPT • traditional geographic, social, and political boundaries could be vaulted with the tap of a keypad. • white-collar jobs in financial services and high tech engineering could now be “outsourced” to countries such as Ireland and India. • the economic turbulence of the first years of the century reminded Americans that their economy was scarcely immune to the age-old vagaries of risk, error, scandal, and the business cycle. • the widening income gap was primarily caused by the tax and fiscal policies of the Reagan and both Bush (father and son) presidencies, which favored the wealthy.

5. Answer All of the following were aspects of globalization EXCEPT • traditional geographic, social, and political boundaries could be vaulted with the tap of a keypad. • white-collar jobs in financial services and high tech engineering could now be “outsourced” to countries such as Ireland and India. • the economic turbulence of the first years of the century reminded Americans that their economy was scarcely immune to the age-old vagaries of risk, error, scandal, and the business cycle. • the widening income gap was primarily caused by the tax and fiscal policies of the Reagan and both Bush (father and son) presidencies, which favored the wealthy. (correct) Hint: See page 1085.

6. Question All of the following are true of Big Science EXCEPT • the unusual demands of America’s national security state during World War II and the Cold War required vast scientific investments. • the result was Big Science, or multidisciplinary research enterprises of unparalleled size, scope, and cost. • Big Science and Big Technology meant big bucks, big machines, and big teams of scientists and engineers. • the close link between government and science was brand new to the post-Cold War era.

7. Answer All of the following are true of Big Science EXCEPT • the unusual demands of America’s national security state during World War II and the Cold War required vast scientific investments. • the result was Big Science, or multidisciplinary research enterprises of unparalleled size, scope, and cost. • Big Science and Big Technology meant big bucks, big machines, and big teams of scientists and engineers. • the close link between government and science was brand new to the post-Cold War era. (correct) Hint: See page 1088.

8. Question All of the following were examples of American Big Technology EXCEPT • Sputnik. • NASA. • SDI. • the Human Genome Project.

9. Answer All of the following were examples of American Big Technology EXCEPT • Sputnik. (correct) • NASA. • SDI. • the Human Genome Project. Hint: See pages 1088–1089.

10. Question All of the following American corporations spearheaded a global revolution in communications and information technology EXCEPT • Apple. • International Business Machines (IBM). • Microsoft. • Rand-McNally.

11. Answer All of the following American corporations spearheaded a global revolution in communications and information technology EXCEPT • Apple. • International Business Machines (IBM). • Microsoft. • Rand-McNally. (correct) Hint: See pages 1088–1089.

12. Question All of the following contributed to the increase in average life expectancy in the United States from 47.3 years in 1900 to 77.0 years in 2000 EXCEPT physicians • discovered hormones and vitamins. • introduced penicillin and other antibiotics. • experimented with insulin therapy for diabetes and radiation therapy for cancer. • discovered a cure for the AIDS epidemic.

13. Answer All of the following contributed to the increase in average life expectancy in the United States from 47.3 years in 1900 to 77.0 years in 2000 EXCEPT physicians • discovered hormones and vitamins. • introduced penicillin and other antibiotics. • experimented with insulin therapy for diabetes and radiation therapy for cancer. • discovered a cure for the AIDS epidemic. (correct) Hint: See page 1089.

14. Question Current evidence, which suggests that the United States might be losing its preeminence in science includes all of the following EXCEPT • American scientists are now winning fewer prizes and patents and publishing fewer scientific papers than their peers in Europe and Asia. • experts predict that current school-age Americans will not be able to meet the rising demand for scientific expertise. • more foreigners will arrive to fill the gap, as international competition for their labor slows up in places like Japan, China, and India. • for the United States to retain preeminence in science in the twenty-first century, it must continue to welcome all talent to the field.

15. Answer Current evidence, which suggests that the United States might be losing its preeminence in science includes all of the following EXCEPT • American scientists are now winning fewer prizes and patents and publishing fewer scientific papers than their peers in Europe and Asia. • experts predict that current school-age Americans will not be able to meet the rising demand for scientific expertise. • more foreigners will arrive to fill the gap, as international competition for their labor slows up in places like Japan, China, and India. (correct) • for the United States to retain preeminence in science in the twenty-first century, it must continue to welcome all talent to the field. Hint: See page 1089.

16. Question All of the following were true of the “dot-com” explosion of the late 1990s EXCEPT • new commercial ventures quickly expanded the market for entrepreneurs. • new commercial ventures limited the stock-market stakes for entrepreneurs. • it made the Internet a twenty-first-century electronic mall, town square, library, and entertainment center rolled into one. • the very speed and efficiency of the new communications tools threatened to wipe out entire occupational categories.

17. Answer All of the following were true of the “dot-com” explosion of the late 1990s EXCEPT • new commercial ventures quickly expanded the market for entrepreneurs. • new commercial ventures limited the stock-market stakes for entrepreneurs. (correct) • it made the Internet a twenty-first-century electronic mall, town square, library, and entertainment center rolled into one. • the very speed and efficiency of the new communications tools threatened to wipe out entire occupational categories. Hint: See pages 1084–1085.

18. Question The effects of scientific research and new scientific knowledge included all of the following EXCEPT • new moral dilemmas. • new political arguments. • few strains of high-yield, pest-and weather-resistant crops. • the possibility of curing hereditary diseases.

19. Answer The effects of scientific research and new scientific knowledge included all of the following EXCEPT • new moral dilemmas. • new political arguments. • few strains of high-yield, pest-and weather-resistant crops. (correct) • the possibility of curing hereditary diseases. Hint: See page 1085.

20. Question All of the following were true of the American economy at the beginning of the twenty-first century EXCEPT • Americans were still an affluent people. • median household income declined somewhat in the early 1990s. • even Americans with incomes below the government’s official poverty level enjoyed a standard of living higher than that of two-thirds of the rest of humankind. • Americans were still the world’s wealthiest people.

21. Answer All of the following were true of the American economy at the beginning of the twenty-first century EXCEPT • Americans were still an affluent people. • median household income declined somewhat in the early 1990s. • even Americans with incomes below the government’s official poverty level enjoyed a standard of living higher than that of two-thirds of the rest of humankind. • Americans were still the world’s wealthiest people. (correct) Hint: See page 1086.