Into a New Century

1. Into a New Century Chapter 20

2. The Computer & Technology Revolutionpages 656-660

3. Homework Review / Warm-Up 1. How have computers changed everyday life? Getting information & news, shopping, meeting socially, more opportunities for people with disabilities, working from home, dating, GPS, music, medical procedures. 2. Predict – how might computers change life in the future? Personal information chips? Cyber school

4. Technology Changes American Life The Modern Computer Business & Industry • Rivalry during WWII – atomic bomb • 1946 – first modern computer • 1954 – IBM commercially successful • 1960’s – microchip – personal computers • Transformed industry • New fortunes with new techniologies • Steve Jobs - Apple • Bill Gates – Microsoft • Jeff Bezo’s – Amazon • Video games, cell phones - microchips Science & Agriculture • Medical Science advancements • Longer lives, less pain, disease battling, transplants • Agricultural – improved machinery, irrigation, growing • Fewer people needed 50% to 2%

5. A Communications Revolution Information Age Computers Cell phones E-mails instant messaging Internet Satellites • World Wide Web • Links computers via cables and satellites • Communication and access to info – instant • Changed – commerce, education, research, entertainment • Increased speed of global communications • Orbit earth in space, sending / receiving filled signals - sent to tv, phones, computers • Ted Turner – “superstation” – 24 hr. news

6. Changing American Economy Globalization Workplace changes • Globalization – national economies, politics, culture, and societies become mixed with those of other nations • Multinational – companies that produce and sell goods and services all over the world • Products available to more • Helped some nations develop • Industrial nations lose jobs to less industrial nations • Need computer skills to get jobs • Banking, stockbroking, • programming • Professional worker linked by computers • Global meetings • Telecommunicating Organized Labor Service Sector • Decline in manual labor • Political power of unions and farms declined • Workers average wages have fallen • Service economy – economic system focused on buying and selling services • Lawyers, teachers, doctors, salespeople

7. Checkpoint What was the impact of the personal computer? How did technology change communication? How did globalization affect the American economy?

8. The Clinton PresidencySection 2 1968 – last Democrat President

9. The 1992 Election Clinton Raises the Challenge Winning the White House • Humble background • Law School • Arkansas governor • “New Democrat” – centrists • Reconcile liberal / conservative ideals • Strong national defense • Tough stance on crime • Free trade • Welfare reform • Closer ties with corporations • Government was large and inefficient • 3 candidate election • Clinton – economic & social • Bush – attack character • Perot – business • Largest voter turn out since 1960 • BC – 43%, GB – 37%, RP – 19% Why ?

10. Domestic Policy New Laws • Family Medical Leave Act – full time employees 12 workweeks of UNPAID leave for the birth and care of newborn, recover from illness, or care for sick family member Healthcare reforms • US only developed country without national healthcare • Appoints his wife – Hillary – to head a task force • Never won support – dropped a year into debate • Americans did not feel increasing the federal government to run healthcare was a good idea

11. Dealing with Violence • Brady Bill – gun-control act. • $30 billion anti-crime bill – increased funding for police and banned certain assault weapons • Oklahoma City bombing - 1995 • 168 killed / 800 injured • Home-grown anti-government extremists • Federal buildings in major cities – barriers / new laws passed

12. Columbine High School • 1999 • Two students killed 12 students and a teacher • Wounded 24 others • Schools across the nation raised security • Zero-tolerance to school violence. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=7378618

13. Republicans Galvanize • Newt Gingrich – Georgia Congressman • Contract with America – • Balance federal budget • Welfare reform • Tax cuts for middle class • Decreased federal government • Term limits for members of congress • Increase defense spending • Tough anti-crime laws Clinton incorporates some conservative agenda in his re-election bid

14. Clinton Wins re-election Clinton successfully captures middle ground

15. Scandals & Impeachment White Water Development – no conclusive evidence • Paula Jones when • Governor of Arkansas • White House Intern • Monica Lewinsky • Lies under oath about affair • IMPEACHMENT • “treason bribery or other crimes and misdemeanors” • Perjury & obstruction of justice • 2/3 majority – not enough votes

16. Checkpoint How did Clinton attract voters? What were Clinton’s successes and failures as President? What was the outcome of the Clinton impeachment trial?

17. Global Politics & EconomicsSection 3

18. Competing in the Global Economy OR Lower costs created Loss of American jobs Free Trade

19. Competing in the Global Economy • EU – European Union • One currency (Euro) • Combined resources • Encouraged trade among its members • Challenged economic leadership of US Direct NAFTA • Gradual removal of trade restrictions • Supposed to promote economic growth, reduce prices, increase exports, encourage investments. • Would it force manufacturers to Mexico and loss of jobs? • Environmental protection, safety standards, workers rights Response

21. Good or bad? • 270 total free trade agreements signed • GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – reduce tariffs • WTO – World Trade Organization – negotiate trade agreements, settle disputes, enforce compliance Favors business interests over environment and worker’s rights Exposes people to new ideas, technology and communication, Nations become more democratic, strengthened economic ties

22. Americans on the Global Stage Troops sent • Somalia • Civil War • famine Bring peace & food Steep casualties – withdrew troops • Haiti • Military coup overthrows president • Thousands leave by boat Troops sent • To restore president to power • Sinking economy, rising rates of disease and crime

23. Yugoslavia • Collapse of communism breaks up country • 6 major republics form • Ethnic and religious hostilities • Bosnia • Newly independent • Ethnic & religious rivalries leads to Civil War (Eastern Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian Muslims) • Serbs (w/ Yugoslavia’s help) attack others killing them • Ethnic cleansing – state-sanctioned mass murder, violence, and rape – shocked world Encourages NATO to bomb Serbia – cease fire Dayton Accords – federated multinational Bosnia Did not solve problems but stopped ethnic cleansing • Kosovo • Serbian province • Ethnic cleansing • Spreads to Macedonia & Albania

24. America and the Middle East Yasir Arafat - Palestine • Fighting between Israelis & Palestinians • US becomes target in fight – supports Israel • Declaration of Principals – Palestinian self-rule in Jericho and Gaza strip & security for Israelis. • Did not address West Bank or extremists ousted Ehud Barak - Israel

25. 1993 World Trade Center bombing – kills 6 injures over 1,000 Al Qaeda 1998 – car bombs at American embassies in 4 countries – 225 killed 5,500+ injured 2000 – USS Cole bombed – 17 killed

26. What is it? Militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 1988/89 What do they want? • Want a complete break from all foreign influences in Muslim countries • creation of a new Islamic world wide unity of Muslim political world. Osama bin Laden -End American involvement in Muslim countries. How they do it? • suicide attacks and simultaneous bombings of different targets • pledge of loyalty to Osama bin Laden • undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq or Sudan, but not taken any pledge • killing of civilians is religiously sanctioned Why? • Believe that a Christian–Jewish alliance is conspiring to destroy Islam • Ignore man made laws – for laws rooted in religion

27. The George W. Bush Presidency

28. 2000 ElectionThree Candidates Run How to spend the federal budget? Not a good speaker Dull & Cold George W. Bush Al Gore Ralph Nader Governor of Texas Son of George H.W. Bush Popular with conservatives Down to earth & sincere Restore morality to White House Clinton’s VP Clinton’s economic record Consumer advocate Green Party “he alone represented all Americans” Strengthen Social Security Pay down national debt Widespread tax cuts

29. Americans voted mainly by party affiliation Midwest & south Florida recount = Bush will win Showed a shift in voting demographics

30. Democrats demand a recount by hand Republicans sue to prevent recount Supreme Court Bush v. Gore 5-to-4 decision

31. Ambitious Agenda • Domestic Issues • 1. TAXES (was a budget surplus with Clinton) • $1.3 trillion Tax cuts to stimulate economy • Disposable income • Spending, investing, jobs • Increased federal budget deficits • EDUCATION • Federal funding tied to school success • NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND – hold schools accountable • Penalize those that do not reach performance standards • Improve teacher quality • School information more available to parents • MEDICARE – cover prescription drugs for senior citizens

32. US is attacked September 11, 2001 • Hijacking & crashing of four commercial airplanes • Major shift in American foreign policy • First attack since Pearl Harbor (50 yrs earlier) • Confidence & Safety in nation’s power shaken Gets news of attack while reading to an elementary class. http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=11584488 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+bush+getting+news+of+9%2f11+attack&mid=C2AA54E4F50D0664182CC2AA54E4F50D0664182C&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

33. http://www.history.com/interactives/witness-to-911

35. Speeches following 9/11 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

36. War on Terrorism TOP PRIORITY: FINDING & PROSECUTING THOSE RESPONSIBLE Me again! • Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda behind attack • Against US troops in Saudi Arabia • Against US boycott of Iraq • Against US support of Israel • Against Middle East governments that are pro-Western • Hiding in Afghanistan where Islamic fundamentalist Taliban government allowed them to have training camps

37. Any government that sponsored terrorism, even if it did not itself commit terrorists acts, should be held accountable! Demands Taliban turn over bin Laden to U.S. custody! US troops joined by Great Britain and other allies into Afghanistan. Taliban overthrown in four months! Several leaders captured but not bin Laden.

38. Improving National Security Patriot Act – gave law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists. Violates civil liberties? Department of Homeland Security New Cabinet-level to coordinate domestic security matters between fedeal, state, and local agencies Give up some freedoms for improved protection?

39. Are you for or against the Patriot Act?Safety or liberty - discuss How does this affect you?

40. Operation Iraqi Freedom • Saddam Hussein • Defied UN weapons inspectors • Its believed he was stockpiling and making nuclear, biological, and chemical WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) • Congress approves using military force in 2002 Invade Iraq • Saddam’s forces collapse • Baghdad falls • Saddam goes into hiding • Within months – Saddam and supporters are captured • Crimes against humanity = death • Executed in 2006

41. Bush’s Second Term Bush vs. John Kerry • Lack of another attack proved his competency!? • Red state – blue state divide • Coasts & big cities = Democrat • South, mid-west and rural = Republican

42. Domestic Issues • Federal deficit growing • Hurricane Katrina • Last two years of second term – approval rating falls drastically

43. 2008 Election Breaking New Ground Democratic Nomination for President • Hillary Clinton • 1st woman to win a major party’s presidential primary • NY Senator • Former 1st Lady • Barack Obama • Senator from Illinois • 1st African American to win a major party’s primary

44. Republicans vs. Democrats John McCain & Sarah Palin Barack Obama & Joe Biden

45. Barack Obama Education Occidental College Columbia University Harvard Law School Professions Constitutional Law Professor Illinois Senator 2009 – Nobel Peace Prize "his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."

46. Domestic Policy • Healthcare Reform • Financial Crisis – Banks made risky loans / value of homes decreased • Pay freeze on Senior White House staff - $100,000 • Stricter Guidelines for lobbyists • weekly Saturday morning video address available on whitehouse.gov and YouTube • the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) - tax breaks with spending on infrastructure projects, extension of welfare benefits, and education - $787 billion • Gun control – assault weapons ban • Environment Waiver to his own new rules – hypocrisy? Pledge for governmental openness?

47. Foreign Policy • Killing of Osama bin Laden • Overseas Contingency Operation (War on Terror) • Guantanamo Bay –guidelines for interrogation • Removal of troops from Afghanistan • Numerous Al Qaeda & Taliban leaders killed