Parts of Speech, Part 1

1. Parts of Speech, Part 1 English 21, Ms. Brown

2. Presentation Outline Outline • What are nouns and gerunds? • What are verbs and infinitives? • What are subjects and verbs? • What is an article? • What is an adjective?

3. What are nouns and gerunds? Parts of Speech, Part 1

4. What are nouns and gerunds? Noun 5 Types of Nouns • Person • Place • Thing • Idea • Concrete nouns are nouns that can be touched or held in some way. • Proper nouns are nouns with official names. • Pronouns are words that replace a noun. • Abstract nouns are nouns that represent ideas that are not touched or held. • Gerunds (a type of noun) are verbs with the –ing suffix; this noun becomes a thing.

5. Concrete Nouns

6. Proper Nouns

7. Subject Pronouns I You He She We They It

8. Abstract Nouns Peace, love, intelligence, beauty….how can we define these things?

9. What are nouns and gerunds? Gerunds Can you think of any other gerunds? • Running is good exercise. • Run is a verb turned into a thing (noun). • Laughing is healthy for the soul. • Laugh is a verb turned into a thing (noun).

10. Apples to Apples Dice Game Rules Ms. Brown rolls the green die and chooses an adjective based on the letter. Each group must then write as many nouns as possible that fit the adjective in 60 seconds. The group with the longest list without error will win a green apple chip. The game ends when a group wins 3 apple chips.

11. What are verbs and infinitives? Parts of Speech, Part 1

12. What are verbs and infinitives? Verbs 3 Types of Verbs • Action • State of being (Linking) • Help for another verb • An action verb denotes a physical or mental action in the sentence • A state of being (linking) verb leads to a description of the subject(s) • A helping verb provides assistance to an action or state of being (linking) verb

13. Action Verbs • I think about work all the time. • He ran for the bus. • The dog chased the cat. • The president and the mayor sponsored a fundraising event. • The school opens doors for everyone. • She looked at the sky.

14. State of Being Verbs (Linking) • I am tired. • He looks like someone I know. • The dog is smelly. • The president and the mayor are leaders in the community. • My potato chips are stale. • She smells like flowers.

15. Helping Verbs • I will go to school tomorrow. • The Dodgers are looking good this season. • You should annotate your readings. • He was running before he fell. • We are hoping for a positive result. • She is studying.

16. What are verbs and infinitives? An infinitive is a special type of word that uses the word “to” in front of a verb. Note that infinitives can NEVER function as the verb in a sentence. • He wants to jog in the morning. • I hope to read my notes tonight. • Americans hope to see the economy improve. • It was her ideato invite our boss to the party.

17. What are subjects and verbs? Parts of Speech, Part 1

18. What are subjects and verbs? Subjects Examples • Nouns • Gerunds • Sometimes infinitives • He is running for mayor. • Drinking milk strengthens your bones. • To learn is important to your success.

19. What are subjects and verbs? • The subject is WHO or WHAT the sentence is about. • Here’s a tip: • Read the sentence. • Turn it into a question. • The result? Your answer is likely the subject. • For example: • My tax dollars support schools. • What supports schools? • Dollars (My is a possessive pronoun and tax is an adjective)

20. What are subjects and verbs? • Every sentence must have at least 1 subject and 1 verb to be considered complete. • For example: • President Farley Herzek enjoys meeting students. • Anger causes a negative outlook. • She laughed. • I cried. • Breakfast is an important meal. • Airplanes are noisy.

21. What are subjects and verbs? • In some cases, a subject and a verb need an object (another noun) to make sense and express a complete thought. • For example: • Teachers give. (This thought is incomplete. Teachers give what?) • Pets crave. (Again, this is confusing. What do pets crave?)

22. What are articles? Parts of Speech, Part 1

23. What are articles? • Interestingly, articles are actually a type of adjective. The articles are: the, a, an. • The singer accepted her Grammy. • A giraffe is tall. • I ate an apple for breakfast.

24. What are adjectives? Parts of Speech, Part 1

25. What are adjectives? • Adjectives are words that ONLY describe nouns. • Think of our Apples to Apples game… • We started with an adjective (description) and listed items that matched this description. • Examples: • The tall building blocked the hot sun. • Her red hair is curly. • Pointy nails are a trend. • Slow music is soothing.

26. What are adjectives? • Adjectives are words that ONLY describe nouns. • Think of our Apples to Apples game… • We started with an adjective (description) and listed items that matched this description. • Examples: • The tall building blocked the hot sun. • Her red hair is curly. • Pointy nails are a trend. • Slow music is soothing.

27. Time to practice! Class work Set #1 Activity 6, pg 230, #1-5 Activity 9, pg 233, #1-5 Due by the END OF CLASS! This class work must be turned in by each person, so do not use a group sheet.