Combating Human Trafficking: Responses and Strategies

1. Combating Human Trafficking: Responses and Strategies Presented by: LaMarco Cable Program Associate for Advocacy and Education

2. Human Trafficking: What Is It? Form of modern-day slavery Victims of trafficking are exploited for commercial sex or labor purposes Traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to achieve exploitation After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing Force: Rape, beatings, confinement Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment, marriage, better life Coercion: Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of, any person; any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in restraint against them; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process Force: Rape, beatings, confinement Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment, marriage, better life Coercion: Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of, any person; any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in restraint against them; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process

3. Compared to Drugs or Arms Sales Is more profitable Produce continuous profits Involves less risk Force: Rape, beatings, confinement Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment, marriage, better life Coercion: Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of, any person; any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in restraint against them; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process Force: Rape, beatings, confinement Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment, marriage, better life Coercion: Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of, any person; any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in restraint against them; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process

4. Human Trafficking: What Is It? Sex Trafficking Labor Trafficking -Commercial sex act induced by force, fraud or coercion, in which person performing the act is under the age 18. victims can be found working in massage parlors, brothels, strip clubs, escort services -Using force, fraud, or coercion to recruit, harbor, transport, obtain or employ a person for labor or services in involuntary servitude, debt bondage or slavery victims can be found in domestic situations as nannies or maids, sweatshop factories, janitorial jobs, construction sites, farm work, restaurants, panhandling-Commercial sex act induced by force, fraud or coercion, in which person performing the act is under the age 18. victims can be found working in massage parlors, brothels, strip clubs, escort services -Using force, fraud, or coercion to recruit, harbor, transport, obtain or employ a person for labor or services in involuntary servitude, debt bondage or slavery victims can be found in domestic situations as nannies or maids, sweatshop factories, janitorial jobs, construction sites, farm work, restaurants, panhandling

5. Who Are Victims of Human Trafficking? 500,000 to 2 million people trafficked worldwide annually 800,000 to 900,000 victims annually are trafficked across international borders worldwide More than half of victims trafficked into United States are children; Victims can be trafficked into the U.S. from anywhere in the world. Approximately 27 million people held in slavery worldwide 9 billion dollar business Estimated 500,000 to 2 million people trafficked worldwide annually Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 victims annually are trafficked across international borders worldwide; between 18,000 and 20,000 victims trafficked into United States More than half of victims trafficked into United States are children; victims are probably about equally women and men. Victims can be trafficked into the U.S. from anywhere in the world. Victims have come from, among other places, Africa, Asia, India, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Canada. Approximately 27 million people held in slavery worldwide 9 billion dollar business Estimated 500,000 to 2 million people trafficked worldwide annually Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 victims annually are trafficked across international borders worldwide; between 18,000 and 20,000 victims trafficked into United States More than half of victims trafficked into United States are children; victims are probably about equally women and men. Victims can be trafficked into the U.S. from anywhere in the world. Victims have come from, among other places, Africa, Asia, India, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Canada. Approximately 27 million people held in slavery worldwide 9 billion dollar business

6. Supply of Victims Is Seemingly Endless There is a constant source of victims Exploited persons are dispensable commodities They are typically recruited Promises of a better life can make victims vulnerable to traffickers In the new global economy, there is a constant source of victims Exploited persons of the 21st century are dispensable commodities and are often seen by traffickers as readily replaceable They are typically recruited�not by force�but by the promise of a better life Promises of the �American Dream� can make victims vulnerable to traffickers In the new global economy, there is a constant source of victims Exploited persons of the 21st century are dispensable commodities and are often seen by traffickers as readily replaceable They are typically recruited�not by force�but by the promise of a better life Promises of the �American Dream� can make victims vulnerable to traffickers

7. Difficult to Stop Fueled by economically desperate victims and by market demands for cheap labor Flourishes when end users can purchase slave labor without fear of legal consequences Effective intervention/prevention requires proactive cooperation between law enforcement and communities fueled by economically desperate victims and by market demands for cheap labor Trafficking flourishes when end users can purchase slave labor without fear of legal consequences Effective intervention/prevention requires proactive cooperation between law enforcement and communities, especially with service providers in those communities fueled by economically desperate victims and by market demands for cheap labor Trafficking flourishes when end users can purchase slave labor without fear of legal consequences Effective intervention/prevention requires proactive cooperation between law enforcement and communities, especially with service providers in those communities

8. Impact of Human Trafficking on the Society Fuels organized crime Deprives countries of human capital Promotes social breakdown Undermines public heal Subverts government authority Imposes enormous economic cost

9. Impact of Human Trafficking on Victims Loss of support from family and community Loss of proper education Obstacles in physical development Psychological Traumas Loss of support from family and community, with possible further exclusion and resistance. Loss of proper education, hence lower possibility to support themselves in the future Obstacles in physical development: premature sexual experience, forced drug abuse, contraction of VDs and etc. Psychological Traumas: feeling of isolation, deprivation an dloss of control over life Loss of support from family and community, with possible further exclusion and resistance. Loss of proper education, hence lower possibility to support themselves in the future Obstacles in physical development: premature sexual experience, forced drug abuse, contraction of VDs and etc. Psychological Traumas: feeling of isolation, deprivation an dloss of control over life

10. Facts The present rate of trafficking in children is already 10 times higher than the trans-Atlantic slave trade at its peak There is a victim of trafficking in the world every sixty seconds Human trafficking will surpass drug dealing and arms trading Every 10 minutes, a woman or child is trafficked into the United States Nearly every country is involved in the web of trafficking activities Sexual exploitation is the predominate form of trafficking 80% of the victims are female The present rate of trafficking in children is already 10 times higher than the trans-Atlantic slave trade at its peak There is a victim of trafficking in the world every sixty seconds Human trafficking will most likely surpass drug dealing and arms trading to be the largest criminal activity by 2010 Every 10 minutes, a woman or child is trafficked into the United States for forced labor Nearly every country is involved in the web of trafficking activities, either as a country of origin, destination or transit. International trends show that in developed countries forced labor for commercial sexual exploitation is the predominate form of trafficking Approximately 80% of the victims are female; 70% of those females are trafficked for the commercial sex industry The present rate of trafficking in children is already 10 times higher than the trans-Atlantic slave trade at its peak There is a victim of trafficking in the world every sixty seconds Human trafficking will most likely surpass drug dealing and arms trading to be the largest criminal activity by 2010 Every 10 minutes, a woman or child is trafficked into the United States for forced labor Nearly every country is involved in the web of trafficking activities, either as a country of origin, destination or transit. International trends show that in developed countries forced labor for commercial sexual exploitation is the predominate form of trafficking Approximately 80% of the victims are female; 70% of those females are trafficked for the commercial sex industry

11. Where is our voice in the midst of this? Often our voice is silent here in the U.S. and on the mission Field�.. Why? Often our voice is silent here in the U.S. and on the mission Field�.. Why?

12. Reasons we don�t speak� Believe we don�t know enough �Sex-industry� is well-funded to get out its message Sounds like a �prude� Denial Not ready for what might happen

13. What if we don�t speak? System will continue to provide the language, attitude, belief, and justification for its existence and self-perpetuation Miss an opportunity to proclaim a message of redemption and transformation People will suffer in silence, not understanding the oppression that has gripped them Lives of our most vulnerable will continue to be shaped by a culture of exploitation

14. Stated Theologically We are called to stand in the grace of God, believing that it is a missional priority to proclaim release to the captives of the system of exploitation.

15. What can we do? Advocate policies Support research Promote social awareness and educate the public Provide services to victims

16. Department of State Report Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 2 Watch List Tier 3 Special Case Tier 1: Countries that fully comply with the Trafficking Protection Act�s minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking Tier 2: Countries that do not fully comply with the minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance. Tier 2 Watch List: Countries on Tier 2 requiring special scrutiny because of a high or significantly increasing number of victims; failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons; or an assessment as Tier 2 based on commitment to take action over the next year Tier 3: Countries that neither satisfy the minimum standards nor demonstrate a significant effort to come into compliance. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions Tier 1: Countries that fully comply with the Trafficking Protection Act�s minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking Tier 2: Countries that do not fully comply with the minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance. Tier 2 Watch List: Countries on Tier 2 requiring special scrutiny because of a high or significantly increasing number of victims; failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons; or an assessment as Tier 2 based on commitment to take action over the next year Tier 3: Countries that neither satisfy the minimum standards nor demonstrate a significant effort to come into compliance. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions

17. �Bringing hurt to public expression is an important first step in the dismantling criticism that permits a new reality, theological and social, to emerge.� Walter Brueggeman The Prophetic Imagination

18. �The task of prophetic imagination and ministry is to bring to public expression those very hopes and yearnings that have been denied so long and suppressed so deeply that we no longer know they are there. Hope is the refusal to accept the reading of reality which is the majority opinion; and one does that only at great political risk.� Walter Brueggeman The Prophetic Imagination