Essential First Aid for Burns: Quick Response Guide

1. Unit 5 First aid Reading 必修五

2. Look at the picture on the left. What has happened? The girl has pulled boiling water onto herself. Can you guess what will happen to the girl? Shewillget bad burns. How will her mother deal with the burn?

3. Place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. wash

4. Takeclothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewelry near burns. take off

5. Dip the burns under cool water to stop the pain and prevent or reduce swelling. dip

6. Place cool, clean, wet cloths on burns until the pain is not so bad. cover

7. If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns, get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. send

8. Make a list Cool the area of skin; wash it under the cold running water. Cover the wound with bandage/clean cloth. See a doctor if necessary.

9. Read the explanation and speak out the word it explains.

10. the natural outer layer which covers a person, animal, fruit, etc. n. 皮; 皮肤 skin a part of the body of an animal or plant which performs a particular job organ n. 器官 an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another barrier n. 屏障; 障碍 (物) a substance that can make people or animals ill or kill them if they eat or drink it poison n. 毒药; 毒害

11. to kill a person or animal or to make them very ill by giving them poison poison vt. 毒害; 使中毒 a narrow beam of light, heat, etc. travelling in a straight line from its place of origin ray n. 光线; 射线 difficult to understand or find an answer to because of having many different parts complex adj. 复杂的

12. the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time variety n. 变化; 多样(化); 多变(性) a substance, such as water, that is not solid or a gas and that can be poured easily n. 液体 liquid a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health radiation n. 辐射; 射线

13. not violent, severe or extreme mild adj. 轻微的; 温和的; 温柔的 slightly; not very much; in a gentle manner mildly adv. 轻微地; 温和地 a metal container that is round and often has a long handle and a lid, used for cooking things on top of a cooker pan n. 平底锅; 盘子 a piece of equipment which burns fuel or uses electricity in order to heat a place stove n. 炉子; 火炉

14. a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose and form the stated part of the animal or plant; soft paper which is used for cleaning, esp. your nose, and is thrown away after use, or a small rectangular piece of this tissue n. (生物)组织; 薄的织物; 手巾纸 to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount swell vi. & vt. (使) 膨胀; 隆起

15. larger than normal, esp. as a result of a disease or an injury swollen adj. 肿胀的 a device used for cutting materials such as paper, cloth and hair, consisting of two sharp blades which are joined in the middle, and two handles with holes to put your fingers through scissors n. 剪刀 too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience unbearable adj. 难以忍受的; 不能容忍的

16. an open round container shaped like a bowl with sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid; a place where the earth's surface is lower than in other areas of the world basin n. 盆; 盆地 to press sth. firmly, esp. from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size or remove liquid from it squeeze vt. & vi. 榨; 挤; 压榨

17. a long narrow piece of cloth which is tied around an injury or a part of someone's body that has been hurt bandage n. 绷带 necessary for the success or continued existence of sth.; extremely important vital adj. 至关重要的; 生死攸关的

18. Match 代替; 顶替 反复; 多次 在适当的位置; 适当触电; 电休克 榨出; 挤出 electric shock squeeze out over and over again in place

19. Reading FIRST AID FOR BURNS

20. Objectives 1. To summarize and remember the main idea of the passage. 2. To speak out the detailed information of the passage. 3. To know more about first aid for burns. 4. To learn some useful words and expressions in the passage.

21. Focus on Words: skin, poison, complex, variety, liquid, mild, swell, unbearable, squeeze, vital Expressions: electric shock, squeeze out, over and over again, in place

22. Pre-reading • What will the passage be about? • 2. What do they tell you about the passage? First aid for burns. Causes, types, characteristics and first aid treatment for burns.

23. Fast Reading _____ the three types of burns _____ what to do if someone gets burned _____ the purpose of skin _____ the symptoms of burns _____ how we get burns 3 5 1 4 2 Inwhich order are these topics covered in the text? Number them from 1 to 5.

24. Find out how many parts there are and the main idea of each part: The purpose/function of skin Part 1. Part 2. Part 3. Part 4 Part 5 hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, chemicals Causes of burns Types of burns: First degree burns, Second degree burns, Third degree burns Characteristics of burns First aid treatment

25. There are ______ layers of skin. three the top layer the second layer nerve the third layer tissue under the skin Theskin is the ________ organ, and also very __________. largest essential

26. Part 1: The purpose of skin • Protect you against _________, _________ • and _______________________; disease poisons the sun’s harmful rays 2) Keep you ________ or ________; warm cool 3) Prevent you from ______________; losing water 4) Give you _____________. sense of touch Careful Reading

27. H2SO4 Part 2 Cause of burns hotliquids steam fire Thesun chemicals

28. Part 3 Types of burns There are _______ types of burns depending on which _______ are burned. First degree burns affect only the _____ layer and should feel better within _______________. Second degree burns affect both the _____ and the _______ layer. These burns are _______ and take ______________ to heal. three layers top a day or two top second serious a few weeks

29. Third degree burns affect all ______ layers and any ______ and ______ under the skin. They are very _______ injuries and the victim must get to ________ at once. three tissue organs severe hospital

30. B A C Part 4 Characteristics of burns seconddegreeburn Blisters and watery surface first degree burn Mildlyswollen Tissueunder themoften canbeseen thirddegreeburn

31. Characteristics of burns Mildly pressed swollen Rough Blisters Little no tissue charred

32. Part 5 First aid treatment Takeoff Cool 1. ________ clothing and jewelry near the burns. 2. ______ the burns with cool water. 3. ______ cool, clean wet cloths on the burns. 4. ______ the burned area gently. 5. ______ the burned area with a dry clean bandage. 6. ______ the burned area ______ than the heart, if possible. 7. ______ the victim ____ the doctor or hospital, if possible. Place Dry Cover Keep higher Get to

33. type Treatment 1. Get the victim to the doctor or hospital First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns 2. Keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water; squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 3. Place cool, clean, wet clothes on them until the pain is not so bad.

34. Tell if the following statements are true or false: T • Our skin has three layers. • We will never get burned by the sun. • Burns are divided into three degrees according to the degree of pain. • Third degree burns are the most serious • and painful. F F F

35. 5. Put cool water on any burns to cool them. 6. Don’t rub the burns 7. It’s better that you put some butter or oil on burns. F T F

36. Answer the following questions. 1. Why should you put cold water on a burn? The cold water stops the burning process, stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling.

37. 2. Why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt? Because in a third degree burn the nerves have been damaged. If there are no nerves, there is no pain.

38. 3. Why do you think clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed? Because bacteria from the clothes and jewellery could infect the burns. 4. If someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue? Because all layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath.

39. Read the first aid treatments for these burns. Are they right or wrong? 1. Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs. His legs became red, swollen and covered with blisters. Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. W

40. 2. While ironing clothes, Miss Good accidentally touched the iron. Her wrist blistered and became watery. It hurt a lot. She put her wrist under the cold water tap and then kept placing cool, clean, damp cloths on it until it was less painful. Then she went to see the doctor. R

41. 3. Mrs. Casey’s sleeve caught fire while she was cooking. Her arm looked terrible but it didn’t hurt. The skin was charred. Her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn. He then placed butter on the burn and covered it with a wet bandage. W

42. 4. After an hour in the sun, Lily noticed her arms were red and hurt a bit. She went home and put them under cool running water. R

43. I. Retell the text by filling in the following blanks. three There are ______ types of burns depending on which _______ of the skin are burned. ________________ affect only the _____ layer and should feel better within ____________. layers First degree burns top a day or two

44. Second degree burns affect both the ____ and the _______ layer. These burns are _______ and take a few weeks to heal. _________________ affect all ______ layers and any ______ and ______ under the skin. They are very _______ injuries and the victim must go to ________ at once. top second serious Third degree burns three organs tissue severe hospital

45. II. Task-based reading. Read the passage and choose subheadings from A-E for the blanks. BCEAD

46. Life is precious We should care about others, and help people in an emergency. Try our best to give them effective first aid if they are in danger.

47. Language Points • The skin is an essential part of your • body and its largest organ. • 皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体 • 的最大器官。 • essential adj.必要的，基本的，本质的 如： • Hard work is essential to success. • 成功必须努力工作。 • beessential for/to… • 对……来说是必要的

48. It is essential that 从句 ……是必要的 It is essential for sb to do … 做某事对某人来讲是必要的 essentialsn. 必需品 2. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. 你有三层皮肤作为屏障来保护你免遭 疾病、毒药和有害光线的侵害。

49. barrier n. “屏障，障碍物，隔阂”。如： You need to show the ticket. 你需要出示(你的) 票。 The crowd linked arms to form a barrier. 群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。 the language barrier 语言的隔阂

50. 3.…it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your senseoftouch… 皮肤能保暖或御寒，保持体内水分不过多 流失，正是皮肤让你感到冷热和疼痛，皮 肤还使你有触觉。