A Glimpse at figures of Latin America!

1. A Glimpse at figures of Latin America! By: Fuzail Syed 6th period 2/28/11 Flags of Latin America, Spain, and Portugal.

2. Hernán Cortés Painting of Hernán Cortés Q: Who was HernánCortés? A: HernánCortés was the conqueror of the Aztec Civilization. • HernánCortés’s first voyage to the new world was in 1504 • Diego Velázquez gave Cortés permission to explore Mexico in 1518 • Cortés came with 11 ships, 500 men, 13 horses, and some cannons to Mexico. • To ensure that there was no turning back, he had his ships burned. • Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on 11/8/1519 • He overtook the city by using foreign weapons, and other hostile natives • Cortés died of pleurisy in 1542. Map directing the invasion of Mexico

3. Montezuma II Picture of Montezuma II Q: Who was Montezuma II? A: Montezuma II was the last ruler of the Aztec Civilization. • Due to the late “discovery” of the new World, no one knows when he was born. • The great Ruler had 8 daughters, and 11 sons. • He let in Cortés into his city under the assumption that he was the god Quetzalcoatl . • His reign lasted from 1500-1520. • Montezuma II did not realize that Cortés was a Spaniard until he was taken hostage. • Cortés was the leader of his empire for many years. • Montezuma II was killed July 1, 1520. Picture of Montezuma II meeting Cortés.

4. Francisco Pizarro Painting of Francisco Pizarro Q: Who was Francisco Pizarro? A: He was the conqueror of the Inca Civilization. • Pizarro’s first trip to the New World was on 2/13/1502. • Pizarro first heard of the Incas in 1523 • Pizarro became viceroy of Peru under the hands of the Spanish King. • Even when negotiations with Atahualpa were held, fight broke out. • Like Cortés, he used cannons which completely wiped out the hostiles. • After he attacked the Incas, he sent their precious metals to Spain to be melted. • Pizarro was killed on 6/26/1541 Picture of Pizarro’s assault on the Incas

5. Atahualpa Picture of Atahualpa • Pizarro and Atahualpa met on November of 1532. • Unlike Montezuma II, he was well aware that Pizarro was not a god. • Atahualpa was frightened by Pizarro’s use of cannons. • Atahualpa was executed on 8/29/1533. Q: Who was Atahualpa? A: he was the last ruler of the Inca Civilization. • Atahualpa was very wealthy and was given the best, well everything. • He had to fight his brother to the death and he succeeded. • Atahualpa was pretty much a god to the Inca Peoples. Execution of Atahualpa

6. Picture of Toussaint L’Ouverture Toussaint L’Ouverture • Q: Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture? • A: He was the liberator of Haiti. • Toussaint was born a slave in what is now present day Haiti. • His master was nice enough to learn let him read and write • When the French Revolution occurred, it inspired Toussaint and other slaves that freedom was possible. • Finally, France abolished slavery in 1793. • Then Toussaint led several slaves to attack British and Spanish. • Toussaint was captured by French Forces in 1802. • Toussaint died of pneumonia in April 1803 Map of Haiti.

7. Simón Bolívar Picture of Simón Bolívar Q: Who was Simon Bolivar? A: He was the liberator of South American Countries. • Simón grew up in a rich, educated family. • The French Revolution Occurred when he was young and it built his idea of freeing South America. • For 14 years since 1810, he led many campaigns against the Spanish. • Bolívar finally succeeded in liberating South America in 1824. • The country of Bolivia was named after Bolívar. • Bolívar’s next plans were to make South America one large country, called grand Colombia, putting himself in charge, but countries fought for their borders. • Simón died of Tuberculosis on 12/ 17/ 1830 Bolívar’sAssault on Spanish

8. Miguel Hidalgo Picture of Miguel Hidalgo. Q: Who was Miguel Hidalgo? A: He was the liberator of Mexico. • Hidalgo grew up well educated and read books about freedom. • He felt pity that those with European ancestry got better treatment than those with slave or Native Ancestry. • He trained as a priest and helped the Mulattoes and Mestizos. • When Hidalgo was about to be arrested, he summoned rebels and it meant war. • Hidalgo didn’t live to see Mexico gain independence. • Mexico finally gained independence in 1821. • Hidalgo was executed On 7/30/1811. Battle scene of Miguel Hidalgo and French

9. Aztec Civilization Picture of Aztecs. Q: Who were the Aztecs? A: The Aztecs were A civilization In Mexico. • The Aztecs’ last leader was Montezuma II. • They were Conquered by Hernán Cortés. • Their language was Nahuatl. • Their Capital was Tenochtitlan, Mexico. • They had an advanced system of Mathematics, Farming, and calendars. • Human sacrifice was done for their gods. • The Aztecs were conquered in 1521. Aztec Calendar.

10. Inca Civilization Picture of Incas Q: Who were the Incas? A: They were a civilization in South America. • The Incas’ last leader was Atahualpa. • They were conquered by Francisco Pizarro. • Their language was Quechua. • Their capital was Cusco, Peru. • They had a bounty of precious metals, and an advanced road and farming system. • Historians believe the Inca civilization began in the early 1400’s • The Inca Empire diminished in 1534. Map of Inca territory.

11. The End No profit was made from this presentation.