Classical Era in the East Chapter 4 section 4 Chapter 7

1. Classical Era in the EastChapter 4 section 4Chapter 7 Essential Questions: How did the caste system influence India? How did Confucianism affect politics in China? What were the major accomplishments of the civilizations of India and China during the “Classical Era”? How did these civilizations compare with the civilizations of the West? What factors contributed to the rise and fall of empires and dynasties in the East?

2. China and India Vocabulary * Use post-it notes, write the term on the top, the picture on the under side, and the definition on the notebook under the post-it. Bureaucracy Confucianism Hinduism Islam Civil service

3. Major Beliefs of Hinduism

4. Caste system

5. Major Beliefs of Buddhism • Basic Philosophy – Buddhism is based on the philosophy of self-denial and meditation. Buddhists also believe in reincarnation. • Gods and Holy Books – Buddhists do not believe in a single Supreme Being. They also do not have a primary holy book. Their basic beliefs are found in book called Sutras. • Four Noble Truths – These truths explain life’s meaning. They explain that pain and suffering is caused by human desires, such as the desire for material wealth and selfish pleasures. Only by giving up wrongful desires can a person find peace and harmony. • Eightfold Path – To give up selfish human desires. Buddhists believe one should follow this path: have the right goals, have the right perspectives, be aware, act in a worthy manner, speak truthfully, live righteously, respect all living things, and meditate. • Nirvana – by following the Eightfold Path, an individual can escape the soul’s endless reincarnations and achieve nirvana – a state of eternal peace and bliss.

6. Indian Empires • Create a Venn diagram comparing the Mauryan and the Gupta empires. • Which similarity do you consider most important? Explain

8. Indian Culture Create the diagram below, list one or more specific developments in Indian culture

10. Major Beliefs of Confucianism • Natural Order – there is a natural order to the universe and to human relationships. Each person had a role in society, which reflects his or her position in the universe. • Role of Each Person – each person’s social role brings a number of obligations. If everyone fulfills these roles by meeting their obligations, people and society will be in harmony. • Relationships – in each relationship, there is a superior and an inferior. The superior must show love and responsibility, while the inferior must show loyalty and obedience. • Mandate of Heaven – if the ruler benefits his people and provides them with food and protection, then the people will obey their ruler, who will continue to hold the Mandate of Heaven (the right to rule).

11. Chinese Ethical Systems

12. Strong dynasty establishes peace and prosperity: it is considered to have Mandate of Heaven In time, dynasty declines and becomes corrupt; taxes are raised; power grows weaker. The new dynasty gains power, restores peace and order, and claims to have Mandate of Heaven ROLE OF MANDATE OF HEAVEN Dynasty is overthrown through rebellion and bloodshed; a new dynasty emerges. Disaster such as floods, famines, peasant revolts, and invasions occur. Old dynasty is seen as having lost Mandate of Heaven; rebellion is justified.

13. How to look at a Quote or a Document • Who is the author? • Who is the audience? • What is the time period? • What are the words you do not understand? And what do those words mean? • Summarize or put into your own words what the quote or document is saying.

14. Quote • “Guide the people with governmental measures and control or regulate them by the threat of punishment, and the people will try to keep out of jail, but will have no sense of honor or shame. Guide the people by virtue and control or regulate them by li(moral rules and customs), and the people will have a sense of honor and respect.” Confucius, The Analects

15. Two Great Empires: Han China and Rome Han Dynasty 202 bce – 220ce Roman Empire 27bce – 476ce Empire replaced republic Centralized, bureaucratic government Built road and defensive wall Conquered many diverse peoples in regions of three continents At its height – area of 3.4 million square miles and population of 55 million Latin did not replace other written languages in empire Ongoing conflict with nomads Empire fell apart; never restored • Empire replaced rival kingdoms • Centralized, bureaucratic government • Built roads and defensive walls • Conquered many diverse peoples in regions bordering China • At its height – area of 1.5 million square miles and population of 60 million • Chinese became common written language throughout empire • Ongoing conflict with nomads • Empire fell apart; restored by Tang dynasty in 618ce

16. Classical China and IndiaIdeas and Instituions

17. Classical China and India Cultural Diffusion Patterns and Barriers

18. Classical Civilizations of India Mauryan Location Characteristics Achievements Gupta Location Characteristics Achievements

19. The Classical Civilizations of China Qin Location Characteristics Achievements Han Location Characteristics Achievements

20. Pulling It All Together • Select 2 of the civilizations you learned about in this unit. Describe two achievement or contributions of these civilizations, and explain why they are still important to our world today.