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School of Engineering Sustainable Energy Research Phil Bowen BowenPJ@cardiff.ac.uk

School of Engineering Sustainable Energy Research Phil Bowen BowenPJ@cardiff.ac.uk Cardiff School of Engineering. OVERVIEW. Context Energy Research- Engineering Recent Investment Energy Research Strengths Summary. CARDIFF ENGINEERING: Interdisciplinary Research Matrix.

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School of Engineering Sustainable Energy Research Phil Bowen BowenPJ@cardiff.ac.uk

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  1. School of Engineering Sustainable Energy Research Phil Bowen BowenPJ@cardiff.ac.uk Cardiff School of Engineering

  2. OVERVIEW • Context • Energy Research- Engineering • Recent Investment • Energy Research Strengths • Summary

  3. CARDIFF ENGINEERING: Interdisciplinary Research Matrix

  4. CARDIFF ENGINEERING – ENERGY (25 Academic Staff publishing in ‘Sustainable Energy’) • PowerGen/Energy Conversion 2. Electrical Power Distribution 3. Energy-efficient Elec. Materials 4. Energy Systems Risk/Hazard Environmental Assess. > £1M each

  5. CARDIFF ENGINEERING – ENERGY • (25 Research-Active Academics) • Energy Conversion/Power Generation - Centre for Research in Energy, Waste, Environment (Profs.Syred/Griffiths) • Electrical Power Distribution • - National Grid/Transco University Centre (Dr. Haddad) • Novel Electrical/Electronic ‘Materials’ - ‘Nedo’ Thermo-Electric (Prof. Mike Rowe) - ‘Wolfson’ Magnetics (Prof.Tony Moses/David Jiles) • - Superconductivity (Dr. Adrian Porch) • Energy/Env. Impact Assessment and Hazard Analysis - Geo-environmental Research Centre (Prof. HR.Thomas) - Hydro-environmental Research Group (Prof. Falconer) • - Centre for Research in Energy, Waste, Env. (Prof. Bowen) • Energy Systems Monitoring and Control • - Fluid Power Group (Prof. John Watton) • - Systems Analysis Group (Dr. Roger Grosvenor)

  6. RECENT INVESTMENT • £ 1.5M SRIF ‘Sustainable Energy’ (2004) • £ 2.4M SRIF ‘Environmental Laboratory’ (2004) • Led £4.3M ERDF proposal to establish interdisciplinary ‘Welsh Energy Research Centre’ (WERC - interact with UKERC)(2004) • £1M for National-Grid/Transco Centre (2005) • £0.3M ‘Sustainable Energy Systems’ - EU Marie-Curie Fellowship Centre (2006-9) • £0.35M EU to relocate QinetiQ Gas Turbine Combustion Research Centre (2005) • £ 0.3M CTA MSc - ‘Sustainable Energy’ (2006)

  7. ‘ENERGY CONVERSION’ –Track Record • 25 academics/researchers (5 Professors) • 15+ years supporting WDA as ‘Centre of Excellence/Expertise in ENERGY’ • First Solar-Powered Car to cross Europe (1986) • First House in UK completely powered on renewables (1995) • ‘Institute of Energy’ Townsend-BCURA Award for ‘Best Paper’ on Coal utilisation (1996) CREWE

  8. ENERGY CONVERSION:Internationally Leading • Co-ordinator of EU Round Table on ‘Energy’ Large-Scale Research Infrastructures (1995-2004) • ‘Integrated Sustainable Energy Systems’ EU Marie Curie centre : UK partner (2006-09) – largest Marie-Curie programme awarded • Only EU-accredited ‘Infrastructure Facility’ in UK for Large-Scale Combustion Research and Training (1994-2004) • ‘NATO Science Prize’ for international collaborative Research on Gas Turbine Efficiency with Russia, Ukraine (2002) • Hosting NATO Advanced Workshop in Aero-Thermal Technologies (Kiev, 2006) CREWE

  9. BIOFUELS, WASTE, LOW-QUALITY FUEL UTILISATION Cardiff ‘Leading in Europe’ - Co-ordinator of 3M€ EU project ‘CO-FIRING BIOMASS/WASTE WITH COAL IN UTILITY BOILERS’ (10 major EU partners : ENEL, etc..) - EPSRC grant to develop ‘BIOMASS, CHARCOAL & CHP’ (2001-2004 - DTI assessor on Biomass programme - QinetiQ/EU consortium (pending): ‘ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR GAS TURBINES’ - EPSRC grant for ‘DNS MODELLING OF LIQUID FUEL (inc. biofuel) ..IN POWERGEN’ (2002-5) - Combustion Institute ‘Best UK Combustion Paper’ (1997)

  10. 16 bar 900 K 5 Kg/s ENERGY CONVERSION • Clean Coal, CAT, …. • Coal co-firing with renewable/waste fuels • Oxy-fuel burner development programme (2004) with leading US manufacturer- product marketed (USA) • Represented on government ‘Coal Review’ taskforce (1994) • Institute of Energy Townsend-Bcura best paper award for ‘Coal Utilisation’ (1997) • Transport Energy Conversion • Ricardo – 10 year Partner/Consultants on IC Engine Research (G-DI, particulate lifecyle, .., Japanese, US) • QinetiQ-chosen partner for Gas Turbine Research (2005-) • EU Gas Engine project : 27->43% efficiency now marketed

  11. Funding sources NGT, SP, PowerGen, EPSRC, DTI, EDF Energy, Dow Corning, Network Rail , Allied Insulators… Income (past 5 years) 35 Research Projects £2.6M HIVES future electrical energy systems and plant Work with EPSRC, other utilities and manufacturers Join IEE Power Academy NGT Research Centre established ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

  12. ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION • Earthing of Power Systems • - Characterisation • - Condition Monitoring • - Risk Assessment/Safety • Transient Overvoltages & Insulation coordination • Polymeric Insulating Materials and Systems • - Monitoring (using AI) • - Characterisation • - Pollution • Others • - Corona and gas discharge • - Lightning protection & Electrostatics

  13. NEDO CENTRE FOR THERMO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS CARDIFF ‘LEADING IN EUROPE’ 1981 : First demonstrate fine grain alloys in ‘Nature’ – adopted by NASA in deep space missions, including last months mission to Pluto 1988 : First ‘Silicon on Sapphire’ miniature T-E generator patented 1993 : £2.2M research contract from Japanese gov. to develop 1.5kW generator to recover low-temp, waste heat 1995 : First ever 100W T-E generator built at Cardiff, demonstrated to UN at Kyoto 2003 : Co-ordinate 7-country EU programme develop bulk nano size T-E materials 2005 : 2 vols. Definitive texts on T-E : ‘CRC Handbook on Thermoelectrics’ Electrical Power from waste heat

  14. Wolfson Centre – An Overview • Founded in 1969 • Recent EPSRC ‘Platform Grant’ Holder (Prof. Tony Moses) • WDA accreditation as a “Centre Excellence for Technology and Industrial Collaboration” • Over 250 publications in the last 5 years • Recent major awards exceeding £2M for new equipment and the refurbishment of laboratories • Professor David Jiles (Ames, USA) and team joined recently • Recent clients and collaborative partners • Rolls-Royce, Cogent Power, Daido Steel, Thyssen-Krupp Stahl, Silverwing, Vector Fields, Smiths Aerospace, Areva, TRW, UK National Physical Laboratory, QinetiQ, Siemens Flowmetering, AT Engine Controls, FR Hi-Temp, Emersen, Unipath Medical, etc…

  15. Examples of equipment and facilities Measurement system for hysteresis energy losses Localised energy loss measurement Production of new energy efficient amorphous materials

  16. Energy/Env. Risk/Hazard Analysis ‘Ladbroke Grove’,1999 • New Energy Systems and processes introduce new risks and hazards e.g. H2, LNG, flooding, Nuclear • Terrorism threat exacerbates risk • Risks and hazards have to be quantified, mitigated where appropriate • e.g. Nuclear Waste, explosion/dispersion, water environment impact ‘Piper Alpha’, 1987 Alaskan Oil Wells, 2001 ‘9/11’, 2001

  17. SUMMARY • Broad range of energy research • Identified 4 of international quality • Developing ENGIN ‘pilot’ for interdisciplinary research matrix approach • Large Infrastructural investments from government and industry • Leading National Energy Research Co-ordination (WERC) • Exploring operational research funding opportunities (EPSRC, DTI..)

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