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First Empires & the Phoenicians

First Empires & the Phoenicians. World History Libertyville HS. First Empire: The Akkadians. Akkad: area north of Sumeria Defeated Sumerian city states, took control of N & S Mesopotamia Sargon I became first Emperor

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First Empires & the Phoenicians

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  1. First Empires & the Phoenicians World History Libertyville HS

  2. First Empire: The Akkadians • Akkad: area north of Sumeria • Defeated Sumerian city states, took control of N & S Mesopotamia • Sargon I became first Emperor • Definition of empire: bring together several peoples, nations under one rule • Empire fell apart after 200 years due to civil war Stele of Naram- Sin

  3. Babylonian Empire (c. 2000 BC) • Amorites invaded from Syria and Lebanon • Founded own cities in N. Mesopotamia, including Babylon • Cities had much higher proportion of non-citizen residents than Sumerians • Cities laid out on grid • Reached height of power under King Hammurabi, 1792-1750 BC Babylonian city (above); Hammurabi, seated

  4. Babylonian Empire: Hammurabi • Great conqueror, reformer • Expanded irrigation system • Road network • Postal service • Centralized gov’t to himself and Babylon • Created single uniform Code of Laws • Covered all societal issues • Welded Empire together • Code posted in all towns

  5. Indo-European Migrations: Hittites • Hittites moved in about 1500 BC • Their home was in Central Anatolia • At its height, the Hittite empire included Central Anatolia, Syria, and Northern Mesopotamia

  6. Indo-European Migrations: Hittites • Hittites were a warrior people • One of first to use iron weapons • First to use chariots • Softened Code of Hammurabi • Fines, not vengeance

  7. Indo-European Migrations: Hittites • Expanded into Syria until 1400 BC, bumped into Egyptians in Palestine • Battle of Kadesh, 1274 BC • Largest Chariot battle in history – 5k chariots, 9k infantry • By 1200 BC, Hittites couldn’t hold empire together • Succession of civil wars • External threat from Sea People (raiders from Italy) Battle of Kadesh; A “Sea Person”, from Egyptian hieroglyphs

  8. The Phoenicians • Around 1100 BC, these people emerged in Lebanon • Group of independent city states • Most powerful traders around Mediterranean • Remarkable ship builders, sailors • Set up colonies around Med

  9. The Phoenicians • Colonies formed the basis of their power • Included Carthage, on N. African coast • Spain, Sicily & Italy also settled • Trade • Crafts (wood, ivory metal) • Goods from other lands, especially slaves • Famous for their purple dyed material

  10. The Phoenicians • Phoenician technologies • Developed alphabet • Needed way to record transactions clearly • 1 symbol represented 1 sound (phonetic) • Formed root of all modern alphabets • Mastered use of rudder, sails • Archaeologist believe they explored N coast of Europe, W coast of Africa

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