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Blood Parasites

Blood Parasites. Different stages of Haemoflagellates. African sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense : East Africa, wild and domestic animal reservoirs Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : West and Central Africa, mainly human infection. African Trypanosomiasis.

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Blood Parasites

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  1. Blood Parasites

  2. Different stages of Haemoflagellates

  3. African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: East Africa, wild and domestic animal reservoirs Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: West and Central Africa, mainly human infection

  4. African Trypanosomiasis Life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense & T. b. rhodesiense

  5. Animal reservoir hosts for African sleeping sickness

  6. Tsetse fly

  7. Pathology and clinical picture • Skin stage: chancre. • Haematolymphatic stage: generalized lymphadenopathy, anaemia, generalized organ involvement. • Central nervous system stage (CNS): Meningoencephalitis. (Development of the disease more rapid in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense)

  8. chancre

  9. Winterbottom’s stage

  10. 3rd stage CNS

  11. Lymph node aspirate

  12. trypanosoma

  13. CSF

  14. AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS LIFE CYCLE OF Trypanosoma cruzi

  15. Reduviid (Triatomine) bug

  16. T. cruzi causes cutaneous stage (chagoma)

  17. Ocular lesion (Romana’ sign)

  18. C-shape

  19. Heart damage due to American trypanosomiasis

  20. Diagnosis • Blood film • Serology: IFAT • Xenodiagnosis: feeding bugs on a suspected cases.

  21. TREATMENT African trypanosomiasis For early infection • pentamidine • suramin For late infection • eflornithine (Diflouromethylornithine- DFMO) American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) • benznidazole • nifurtimox

  22. FILARIALIASIS )

  23. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

  24. MAJOR FILARIAL INFECTIONS OF HUMANS

  25. Onchocerciasis(river blindness) Pathology: Adults worms live in subcutaneous nodules. Main pathology caused by microfilariae in: • Skin: dermatitis • Lymph nodes: lymphadenopathy • Eyes: blindness Diagnosis: skin snip to identify microfilariae. Treatment: Ivermectin

  26. Lymphatic Filariasis

  27. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Mainly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi Pathology: Due to adult worm obstructing lymphatics. • Acute: lymphadenitis lymphatic varices • Chronic: lymphedema, hydrocele, chyluria.

  28. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Diagnosis: detection of microfilariae in blood in early stages of the disease: Blood film, Knott’s method ( concentration of 1 ml of blood), best 10 pm to 2 am (nocturnal periodicity). Immunological tests: Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin

  29. Loa loa

  30. Loiasis

  31. Loiasis • Pathology: Adult worm continously migration in subcutaneous and subconjuntival tissues, causing Calabar swellings (allergic reactions) and conjunctivitis.

  32. Loiasis • Diagnosis: detection of microfilariae in blood film. • Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin, surgical remonval.

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