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The Knee

The Knee. Essential Question. What is the basic structure of the knee joint?. Objectives. You should be able to: Describe the functions of the knee Describe the ligament structure of the knee Explain the function of the patellofemoral joint

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The Knee

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  1. The Knee

  2. Essential Question • What is the basic structure of the knee joint?

  3. Objectives • You should be able to: • Describe the functions of the knee • Describe the ligament structure of the knee • Explain the function of the patellofemoral joint • List and define various sports-related injuries of the knee

  4. The Knee • One of the most complex joints in the body • Most movements and activities depend on it for support and mobility • There is risk of overuse and traumatic injury in both contact and noncontact sports

  5. The Knee (cont’d.) • Two types of cartilage in the knee joint: • Articular cartilage • Menisci

  6. The Knee (cont’d.) • 4 main Ligaments • Medial collateral ligament (MCL) • Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

  7. The Knee (cont’d.) • Patellofemoral joint • Allows knee flexion and extension to occur with a lesser amount of quadriceps force

  8. The knee is one of the most commonly injured joints in the body

  9. Common Knee Injuries • Patellofemoral problems • Articulation of the patella with the femur • Symptoms: aching pain in the front or behind the knee, knee is giving way, crepitus, patellofemoral joint pain, and mild swelling • Treatment: correct suspected causes, shoe inserts, taping and bracing, and stretching

  10. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Patellar tendonitis • Inflammation of the patellar tendon • Caused by high-force, repetitive strain • Symptoms: anterior knee pain and local tenderness • Treatment: activity modification, stretching, ice, bracing, and taping

  11. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Fat pad syndrome • Infrapatellar fat pad is a region of fatty tissue that lies underneath the patellar tendon • Symptoms: pain just below the patella, tenderness, and swelling • Treatment: special strengthening exercises, taping, icing, and anti-inflammatory medications

  12. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain • Caused by a blow to the outside of the knee or a high-energy twisting • Symptoms: limited motion, swelling of the medial knee, tenderness, and pain • Treatment: PRICE, protective wrap, a brace or crutches, rehabilitation

  13. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Torn anterior cruciate ligament • Females are now more susceptible • Can occur from contact or noncontact causes • Symptoms: hearing a “pop” followed by effusion, knee buckling, nausea • Treatment: splinting, icing, and compressive wrapping, crutches, reconstructive surgery, rehabilitation

  14. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Posterior cruciate ligament tear • Most occur during a fall on the flexed (bent) knee with the foot plantar flexed or hyperflexion (bending too far) of the knee • Symptoms: positive “sag test” • Treatment: PRICE, physical therapy and rehabilitation

  15. Common Knee Injuries (cont’d.) • Meniscus tears • Occur when the knee is twisted suddenly and one or both menisci become trapped between the femur and tibia or ligaments in and around the knee are torn • Symptoms: slow and mild knee swelling, pain, popping, locking, or giving way of the knee • Treatment: compressive wrap, crutches, knee supports, activity modification, medications, and physical therapy

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