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Future of the Banggai Pterapogon kauderni

Future of the Banggai Pterapogon kauderni. MACNA XX presentation. Aquarium trade Threat to Pterapogon kaudneri Eric Borneman, Alex Vagelli, Frank Marini, Andrew Bruckner, MASNA http://www.njaquarium.org/PDFS/Banggai/MACNA_08.pdf. Habitat. Found in 32 of 57 islands in Banggai Archipelago

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Future of the Banggai Pterapogon kauderni

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  1. Future of the BanggaiPterapogon kauderni

  2. MACNA XX presentation • Aquarium trade Threat to Pterapogon kaudneri • Eric Borneman, Alex Vagelli, Frank Marini, Andrew Bruckner, MASNA • http://www.njaquarium.org/PDFS/Banggai/MACNA_08.pdf

  3. Habitat • Found in 32 of 57 islands in Banggai Archipelago • Potential habitat: 34 km2 out of total area of 5500 km2 • Associated with benthic invertebrates: urchins • Carnivore, shallow water • Lifespan 1-3 years in wild

  4. Aquarium Collection Issues • Trade began in 1992 locally and 1995 internationally • Population declines • In protected pearl farm, 63 per 100m2(now poached) • Where collected, there remain 8 per 100m2 • 2 extinctions have occurred, perhaps more

  5. Aquarium Collection Issues • Mortality 25-30% post collection • 15% rejection rates • 15% mortality post export • Population decline est. 89% with fewer adults • Extinction likely within 10 years, genetic lines lost • 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species • CITES listing was declined

  6. Death Toll • Some individuals die after the first flight between Indonesia and Singapore, and others upon arrival to USA, Europe or Asia • Many times entire shipments of those survivors die soon upon arrival to a wholesaler facility.

  7. Real impact on local economy • 60 fishers, and less than 200 people are collecting in the entire region. • Thus, <0.1% of the Banggai region human population (app. 160,000) is dedicated to this activity, and it is typically not their sole means of livelihood. • Cardinal fishing is not a historical or traditional or principal source of income for local people

  8. MACNA XX Summary • Natural populations are declining due to aquarium trade harvest • Survival in captivity • Wild caught Banggais --very poor • Captive bred ones survive well • Hobbyists can discourage the collection of wild caught fish • Refuse to buy wild caught • Ask for captive bred banggais • Talk to the manager/fish buyer for the store

  9. Commercial Captive breeding--why aren’t there more cb? • Economics • Prices dictated by cheap wild caught prices. • Small market. Not many fish desired. • Efficiency • Difficult to rear in large numbers • May require more water volume per broodstock pair-expensive to rear

  10. Proposal • Many hobbyists keep pairs of banggais--likely breeding in our display tanks • Anyone can raise banggais--you can too • Observe feeding and activity • Note day of first mouth brooding • Allow fry release in protected environment, or force spitting of fry

  11. Banggai breeding advantages • Mated pair will breed in most large reef tanks or (nano cubes) • Mouth brooding parental care • No larval phase. Male spits out fry. • Fry eat newly hatch brine shrimp--easy first food

  12. Breeding issues • Obtaining mated pair • No obvious sex differences • Use behavior based differentiation • Holding to term • Protection of fry--they are too yummy

  13. Summary • Aquarium trade may cause the demise of the Banggai cardinalfish • We hobbyists can take effective measures to prevent this tragedy • Talk to LFS managers • Breed the fish in our tanks and raise the fry

  14. Raising banggais • Sell your young banggais to the LFS • Decreases pressure on wild populations • Every fish you produce saves many in the wild • Your fish have much greater chance of survival in captive systems

  15. More information • Cathi and Bob Branham • MOFIB: Marine Ornamental Fish and Invertebrates Breeders Association • Not for profit organization • www.marinebreeder.org • http://www.marinebreeder.org/phpbb/viewforum.php?f=11

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