Debating the Disadvantage (DA)

1. Debating the Disadvantage (DA) Matt Gomez

2. Part One: What is a Disadvantage?

3. Uniqueness • What will occur in the status quo • Factors for good uniqueness • Post-dating – things change • Brink – why is the squo good but not guaranteed • Qualifications – who knows what

4. Link • What does the plan do that changes the status quo • Factors for good links • Specificity – links about the 1AC vs the resolution • Threshold – is the plan enough to change the squo • Diversity – different ways the plan changes the squo

5. Internal Link (i/l) • What that change causes. • Not always highlighted because it’s similar to the link • Sometimes they are warrants inside the link • EG: Cooperation DA • Inside the link, a warrant says: “Sole US exploration would depart from space cooperation and collapse international peacekeeping efforts.” • What is the internal link?

6. Impacts • Why is changing the status quo bad • Factors for good impacts • Magnitude – how big • Timeframe – how quickly • Probability – how likely • Turns case – how does it interact with the 1AC

7. Part Two: the Negative and running the DA

8. The Negative’s Goal • If the aff has advantages, the neg has disadvantages • Definition of a disadvantage: • “Loss or Damage as a result of” – The harm the plan causes • Prove the impacts of the plan aren’t good enough to outweigh the DA of the plan.

9. 1NC: Your Job for the DA • Where to read it: • As a net benefit to the CP? • Directly after the CP flow • As an independent DA? • After everything but case • Make sure it has EVERY part.

10. The Block • Extending a DA or multiple DA’s through the block? Follow these generic guidelines (see specific speech lectures for more specific rules) • Whoever takes the counterplan should take the net benefit. • Whoever doesn’t have the counterplan should get the other DA and case if the 2N didn’t already. • Try to keep LIKE WORLDS together

11. How to Extend a DA • Step One: “DA outweighs and turns the case” • Step Two: Any additional impacts if needed (no more than 2) • Step Three: Uniqueness debate • Step Four: Link Debate • Move On.

12. Negative Uniqueness Debating • Step One: Extend your uniqueness by giving a short summary • (Extend our Smith 2010 evidence from the 1NC, Obama has just released an NSP announcing we’ll cooperate on issues regarding space exploration) • Step Two: Evidence comparison, what makes yours better than theirs? • Quals • Predictive vs descriptive • Speculative vs conclusive

13. Negative Uniqueness Debating Cont… • Step Three: Indict their evidence if you didn’t already • Use the arguments above • Step Four: Uniqueness Wall • 1-2 more uniqueness cards

14. Negative Link Debating • Either Link or Impact will be where you spend the most time • Step One: Extend 1NC Link • Can’t just explain it generic – apply it to the aff • Prolif DA • Repeat Steps 2-4 from UQ

15. Negative Impact Debating • NOTE: SHOULD BE DONE AT TOP OF FLOW ON IMPACT CALC • Step One: Impact Calculus • “The DA outweighs and turns the case” • Step Two: Turns case analysis • Step Three: Turns case card • Step Four: New impact module

16. 2NR on the DA • Should usually be combined with either a CP or Case • Layout is same as 1N except should be ALL extensions, no new cards. • Top of the flow: Explain what the aff DIDN’T DO • “Even if” and “If I win” statements.

17. 2NR Cont… • Next, Impacts all on top- • Impact Calc • Turns Case (lots of allocation here) • Answering any cards or analysis • Line by line extending 2NC cards and analysis using the formula

18. Part 3: Answering the DA

19. USE YOUR AFF • Throughout the following section I’ll show you how to use cards from your 1AC to win you the debate without needing to read new cards

20. How to answer a DA • 6 categories: • Case Outweighs – why your advantages outweigh the DA • Non-Unique – the squo has changed/something has triggered the link • No Link – The plan doesn’t cause the change • Link Turn – The squo causes the DA and plan solves it • No Impact – their impact isn’t real • Impact Turn – their impact is actually a good thing

21. Strategies • Strategy #1 for answering the DA • Case outweighs the DA • Non-Unique • No Link • Impact Turn

22. Strategies Cont.. • Strategy #2 for answering the DA • Case outweighs • Non-Unique • Link Turn • No impact

23. The Double Turn • Do NOT read a link turn AND an impact turn: the link turn actually links you to the impact turn – you just flip the DA around • EG: Cooperation DA: Original argument – plan decreases coop. Coop key to prevent space war. • Link turn is – plan increases coop. Impact turn is Space wars solve extinction. Therefore plan increase coop, which is bad because that stops space war which causes extinction.

24. Case Outweighs? • Use impact calc • More on this later • More importantly, make your impact story a lot more clear than the negative impact story

25. Non-Unique • Underestimated argument – defensive? • The Status Quo is the opposite of what they say • EG: Coop DA – US canceled constellation, proves no coop

26. Non-Unique Cont… • Makes your link/impact turn OFFENSE • EG: Link Turn – Plan key to RESTORING Coop. • w/ NUQ: DA is a new advantage because squo isn’t cooperating and plan causes cooperation. • w/o NUQ: still offense IF they go for the DA, but not a new advantage because the squo is ALREADY cooperating and the plan just causes MORE cooperation, doesn’t RESTORE it.

27. Affirmative Link Debating • No Link – • 2AC • Step One: Extend applicable cards from 1AC • EG: Extend our ____ evidence from the 1AC that says plan doesn’t happen alone, china and Euros are on board with us • Step Two: Read New Link Cards and Analysis • 1AR • Step One: Extend 1AC or 2AC cards and explain why the 2NC extension doesn’t answer them • Step Two: Read 1-2 cards IF NECESSARY

28. Affirmative Link Debating Cont.. • Link Turn – • 2AC • Step One: Extend Applicable Cards from 1AC • Step Two: Cards & Analysis • 1AR • Same as No Link 1AR

29. Affirmative Impact Debating • No Impact – • 2AC • Step One: The plan encompasses? • Step Two: Cards • Step Three: Analysis

30. Affirmative Impact Debate Cont… • 1AR • Step One: Extensions of the 2AC • Step Two: Repeat steps 1-3 of 2AC for any NEW impact scenarios • New Card (1) if necessary • ANSWER THE TURNS THE CASE ARGUMENT AS A NEW IMPACT SCENARIO

31. Affirmative Impact Debating Cont… • Impact Turn – • 2AC • Step One: Card • Step Two: Maybe your 1AC has the opposite impact

32. Affirmative Impact Debating Cont… • 1AR • Step One: Extension • Step Two: 1-2 more cards • Step Three: Response to negative answers. • Step Four: Separate QUICK impact calc for impact turn

33. 2AR Strategies • If they go for DA/Case: Spend 3 ½ on Case: If you win case, majority of the DA goes away because you should have more impacts. • If they go for DA/CP: Spend More time on DA because CP is irrelevant without a NB

34. 2AR Layout • Top – Big explanation of impact calc, why your impact story is better, and use of 1AC as a big turn to the DA • Next, Uniqueness debate to makes turns offense • Extend first, answer theirs next

35. 2AR Layout cont… • Next, Go for the impact or link TURN • Extend first, (If Impact, impact calc next), (If link, why your story is more plausible next), answer theirs last. • Finally, IF you have time, do the no link or no impact • Why? • 2AR should be OFFENSE OFFENSEOFFENSE