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Exploring Cell Structures: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Learn about the key characteristics and organelles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from DNA structure to the functions of cell membranes and organelles. Understand the differences between multicellular and single-celled organisms.

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Exploring Cell Structures: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. Cells BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells DNA within membrane-bound nucleus in “nucleoid” region Size much larger much smaller Organization often multicellular always single-celled Organelles many types of organelles only one type of organelle

  3. Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

  4. Nucleus Control center of the cell

  5. Nuclear Membrane Regulates what enters & leaves the nucleus

  6. Nucleolus Produce ribosomes

  7. Chromatin Made of DNA

  8. Chromatin

  9. Chromosomes

  10. Human Chromosomes

  11. Cytoplasm Nutrients of the cell

  12. Mitochondrion Releases energy from food

  13. Figure 4.10Energy Transformers: Mitochondria Mitochondrion food oxygen outer membrane inner membrane water carbon dioxide ATP

  14. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Uses ribosomes to produce protein

  15. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Produce lipids

  16. Ribosomes • Synthesize proteins in the rough ER

  17. Golgi Apparatus Packages molecules to be secreted from the cell

  18. Vacuole or Vessicle Storage compartment

  19. Lysosome Enzymes for intrcellular digestion

  20. lysosome worn-out organelle digestive enzymes 1. Lysosome fuses with worn-out organelle. 2. Organelle broken down. 5. Usable molecules recycled to make new organelles. 3. Small molecules returned to cytosol. 4. Waste molecules expelled from cell.

  21. Tay-Sachs Disease Enlarged lysosomes

  22. Centrioles Divides chromosomes during cell division

  23. Microfilaments & Microtubules(Cytoskeleton) Support and movement

  24. Figure 4.13aSeveral Functions for Microtubules (a) Transport monorails transport vesicle motor proteins microtubule

  25. Flagellum • Moves cell

  26. Cilia • Paramecium with numberous cilia used for movement

  27. Cillia • Move material over cells

  28. Figure 4.14The Cell as a Factory

  29. nuclear envelope Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole, while animal cells do not. nuclear pores nucleus DNA Figure 4.16The Plant Cell nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoskeleton smooth endoplasmic reticulum cell wall free ribosomes chloroplast Golgi complex cytosol central vacuole plasma membrane mitochondrion

  30. Figure 4.18Food Source for the World water carbon dioxide minerals outer membrane inner membrane sugar (food) oxygen

  31. The End

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