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David McClelland Theory

By: Laura, Colin, Reggie. David McClelland Theory. His Educational Background. McClelland earned his: BA in 1938 at Wesleyan University MA in 1939 at the University of Missouri Ph.D. in experimental psychology at Yale University in 1941

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David McClelland Theory

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  1. By: Laura, Colin, Reggie David McClelland Theory

  2. His Educational Background McClelland earned his: • BA in 1938 at Wesleyan University • MA in 1939 at the University of Missouri • Ph.D. in experimental psychology at Yale University in 1941 • McClelland taught at the Connecticut College and Wesleyan University before accepting, in 1956, a position at Harvard University • After his 30-year tenure at Harvard he moved, in 1987, to Boston University, where he was a Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology until his death at the age of 80.

  3. McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory David McClelland proposed that an individual’s specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by one’s life experience

  4. The theory states three basic needs • Need for achievement • Need for power • Need for affiliation

  5. Need for achievement • Personal responsibility • Feedback • Moderate Risk • In Summary: The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, and to strive for success

  6. Need for power • Influence • Competitive • In Summary: The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise

  7. Need for Affiliation • Acceptance and friendship • Cooperative • In Summary: The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships

  8. People who have high achievement needs are different from others in the following ways: • They seek personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems • They need rapid feedback on their performance; they are usually very frustrated by not receiving feedback, and the quicker the better. • They are not gamblers but instead set appropriately challenging goals • They want to stretch themselves, so they set goals that are challenging, but ones that they receive, they at least have a 50% chance of attaining

  9. A person's need for power can be one of two types - personal and institutional • People who need personal power want to direct others, and this need often is perceived as undesirable. • People who need institutional power (also known as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the organization. • Managers with a high need for institutional power tend to be more effective than those with a high need for personal power.

  10. People with a high need for affiliation need: • Harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others • They tend to conform to the norms of their work group. • High Affiliation individuals prefer work that provides significant personal interaction; they perform well in customer service and client interaction situations.

  11. Cited Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McClelland • http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_06_mcclelland.html • http://www.businessballs.com/davidmcclelland.htm • http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/ • http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch09/bio9b.mhtml

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