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13.1 RNA

13.1 RNA. DNA holds the instructions for making proteins (dictates amino acid order) Proteins are long polymers made of amino acid monomers. RNA = Ribonucleic acid (3 types m , t , r ) - Single stranded, contains ribose sugar - Contains U ( U racil ) instead of T (Thymine).

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13.1 RNA

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  1. 13.1 RNA

  2. DNA holds the instructions for making proteins (dictates amino acid order) • Proteins are long polymers made of amino acid monomers.

  3. RNA = Ribonucleic acid (3 types m, t, r) - Single stranded, contains ribose sugar - Contains U (Uracil) instead of T (Thymine)

  4. The “Central Dogma” DNA > (transcription) > mRNA >(translation) > tRNA > protein DNA > RNA > Protein

  5. TRANSCRIPTION - DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) - transcription done in the nucleus, then mRNA travels out to the cytoplasm, delivering code

  6. RNA begins copying at the promoter region and ends at the termination sequence

  7. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA at promoters during transcription

  8. mRNA is edited: • Introns are discarded • Exons are spliced together and kept

  9. -mRNA is complementary to the DNA and has a U instead of a T

  10. mRNA leaves nucleus, taking information to the ribosomes

  11. Stop day 1 • transcription animation

  12. TRANSLATION- mRNA is translated into protein using transfer RNA (tRNA) - occurs in the ribosomes

  13. tRNA brings amino acid to mRNA • tRNA in small 3 base pieces

  14. tRNAs come in and bind to mRNA in code order

  15. Amino acids on top of tRNA bond together to make protein (peptide chain)

  16. translation animation

  17. Codon = 3 adjacent bases on mRNA strand • Each codon codes for one amino acid

  18. New protein breaks off at STOP codon

  19. Anticodon - complementary base pairs to codon on tRNA

  20. Codons code amino acids

  21. Practice! DNA: GAT CCG AAT GGT mRNA: (codon) tRNA: (anticodon) AA: (from mRNA codons)

  22. rRNA - help tRNA match up with mRNA codon

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