The Holocaust Lesson 1 World War I

1. The Holocaust Lesson 1World War I Ms. Anaya Monday September 16, 2013

2. Do Now- Part 1 • Take your materials out. • Take your homework out and set it on the left corner of your desk. • Copy down today’s homework on your agenda. Let’s do all this in 2 min! 2:00 1:59 1:58 1:57 1:56 1:55 1:54 1:53 1:52 1:51 1:50 1:49 1:48 1:47 1:46 1:45 1:44 1:43 1:42 1:41 1:40 1:39 1:38 1:37 1:36 1:35 1:34 1:33 End 1:32 1:30 1:29 1:28 1:27 1:26 1:25 1:24 1:23 1:22 1:21 1:20 1:19 1:18 1:17 1:16 1:15 1:14 1:13 1:12 1:11 1:10 1:09 1:08 1:07 1:06 1:05 1:04 1:03 1:02 1:01 1:00 0:59 0:58 0:57 0:56 0:55 0:54 0:53 0:52 0:51 0:50 0:49 0:48 0:47 0:46 0:45 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:33 0:32 0:31 1:31 0:30 0:28 0:27 0:26 0:25 0:24 0:23 0:22 0:21 0:20 0:19 0:18 0:17 0:16 0:15 0:14 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:02 0:01 0:29 2:00

3. Today’s Objectives Scholars will be able tocomprehend and reflect on the facts, consequences, and terrors of World War I.

4. Agenda • Do Now • World War I Facts and Consequences • WWI Image Analysis • WWI Video Clips • Reading “The Impact of Total War” • Reflection/Closing

5. Do Now- Part 2 • Copy down the questions on your Do Now section in the half sheet, then answer them: • What do you know about World War I? Why was it important? If you haven’t studied it, why do you think it might be important to the study of The Holocaust? Explain. Prepare to share. 4 minutes

6. Key Vocabulary • You will copy these on a sheet on lined paper, in Cornell Note style, and keep adding as new vocabulary terms come up. Make sure to file it in your Notes section of your binder everyday to make sure you don’t lose it! • Total War: a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued.

7. Trench Warfare:a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other; troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are also sheltered from large-caliber weapons.

8. Shell Shock: a severe form of posttraumatic stress disorder, most commonly experienced by World War I veterans.

9. The First World War- Quick Facts • World War I was a war fought by a lot of countries, which is why it is called a "world" war. • It started in 1914 and ended in 1918. • Other names it has been called are The Great War, The First World War, and The War to End all Wars. • 135 countries took part in, making World War I the biggest war the world would see.

10. What led to World War I?

11. 1. Mutual Defense Alliances • Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. Thus, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. • Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: • Russia and Serbia • Germany and Austria-Hungary • France and Russia • Britain and France and Belgium • Japan and Britain

12. 2. Imperialism • Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. • Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of dispute amongst the European countries. • The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into World War I.

14. 3. Militarism • As the world entered the 20th century, an arms race had begun. • The armies of both France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1914 and there was fierce competition between Britain and Germany for mastery of the seas. • Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war.

15. 4. Nationalism • Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples to no longer be part of Austria-Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. • In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.

16. 5. Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • The immediate cause of World War I that made all the above-mentioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. • In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist, GavriloPrincip, assassinated him and his wife while they were visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia, which was part of Austria-Hungary. The murder was in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. • This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia. Thus began the expansion of the war to include all those involved in the mutual defense alliances. By August 4th 1914, all the major powers of Europe were at war with each other.

18. In the spring of 1918, the German generals decided they had to attack before many American soldiers came to Europe to attack them. The Germans attacked in a new way. They attacked where the Allies were weak, and did not attack the places where the Allies were strong. They pushed the British and French a long way in some places, but each time, the Germans were stopped. Then the Americans began to come to Europe. The British, the French and the Americans together began to push back the Germans. The Germans couldn't stop them. At last, the German generals told their government that the war had to be stopped, because Germany couldn't fight any longer. Germany asked for peace from the Allies, and signed an armistice, or an agreement to stop fighting, which said that the war would end on the 11th of November 1918 at 11:00 in the morning.

22. World War I Begins • World War I was fought on most of the continent of Europe. The actual fighting that happened during the war was fought on many different fronts. • The Western Front was where most of the fighting between Germany and the Allies happened. The system of trenches marked the Western Front as the Western Front. Most of the fighting that happened in this area was trench warfare. • The Eastern Front was another place of war. The fighting done on the Eastern Front was not trench warfare like it was on the Western Front, but instead depended on having front lines of soldiers ready to fight the enemy. • Other fronts included the Middle Eastern Front Africa and at sea.

23. Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a machine gun crew with gas masks, and German biplanes.. • World War I was the first war where tanks, airplanes, and submarines, or underwater boats known as U-boats, were used as common weapons.

24. Consequences of The Great War • Because of inaccurate or incomplete record keeping, it is impossible to know the exact number of military and civilian casualties of World War I. • Researchers have estimated that at least 40 million women, children, and men were killed or wounded as a result of the Great War. • Considering the indirect impact of the war in terms of disease, malnutrition, and mental illness, the actual number of people who suffered as a result of the First World War was likely significantly higher than this estimate. • Moreover, World War I devastated Europe, not only in terms of loss of lives, but also in terms of damage to basic infrastructure (i.e., factories, roads, bridges, hospitals, homes, etc.).

25. After the war, the Germans had to agree to the Treaty of Versailles. Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations. Part of the treaty said the countries of the world should come together to make an international organization to stop wars from happening. This organization was called the League of Nations. The US Senate didn't agree with this, even though it was the idea of the US president, Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson tried to tell the American people that they should agree, but the U.S. never joined the League of Nations. Problems with the Treaty in Germany would later lead to the Second World War.

26. WWI Photographs • As we look at images from WWI, you will record your responses to each in your handout, then Pair-Share with your partners.

27. Title: The Gas! The Gas !

28. Title: Soldier in between battle

29. Title: In the trenches

30. Video Clips • Video Clip 1: Johnny Got His Gun https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB7j4C6hBBA • In your handout, record your reactions in the designated area. • What images did you see in the trailer to the movie, “Johnny Got His Gun?”

31. Video Clip 2: Footage from World War I - Shell Shock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRv56gsqkzs • In your handout, record your reactions in the designated area. • What is “shell shock?” Describe it.

32. Reading: The Impact of Total War • Conversation- Level 0. There is no talking as you read and take notes on the reading. • Help- If you have a question, raise your hand and Ms. Anaya will come to help you. • Activity- In the Facing History and Ourselves book, read pages 110-113, and take Cornell Style Notes, gathering the main key points of the reading. At the bottom of your notes, provide a Summary/Reflection of what you read. • Movement- Remain in your seats. • Participation- Work individually. • Success!- Do your best!

33. Reflection • World War I is often described as being the most terrible and useless war in history. Why do you think historians say that?