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The Age of Napoleon Part D. Napoleon Crossing the Alps Painting by Jacques Louis David. What were the French Revolutionary Wars?
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What were the French Revolutionary Wars? • They were the wars fought during the French Revolution in which coalitions of European powers sought to defeat the French revolutionary governments and restore the ancien regime (old regime) of the Bourbon monarchy • By the early 1800s, the French Revolutionary Wars evolved into the Napoleonic Wars, for the lack of a better term
2. Specifically, what were the particular wars of the Revolutionary period? • The War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797 • The War of the Second Coalition, 1798-1802
3. What were the major sides and outcomes of the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797? • Coaliton countries like Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Russia, and others sought to eliminate or at least contain the French Revolution • During this war, France implemented the Levee en Masse and ultimately held the invaders at bay, and ultimately defeated the coalition • Napoleon Bonaparte distinguished himself during this war • During this war, Revolutionary France conquered territories outside its borders and created satellite nations loyal to the First Republic of France
4. What were the major sides and outcomes of the War of the Second Coalition, 1798-1802? • Again, France fought against Austria and Great Britain • Again, France was largely victorious • The Treaty of Luneville in 1801 ended hostilities between Austria (ruled by the Hapsburgs) and France • The Treaty of Amiens in 1802 ended war between Great Britain and France…but only for a short time
5. During the war of the Third Coalition, 1803-1806, France again defeated a coalition made up of what major nations? • Austria, Great Britain, Russia, Sweden 6. What were some of Napoleon’s victories during the War of the Third Coalition? • Battle of Ulm, 1805 • Battle of Austerlitz, 1805
7. What 1805 treaty basically ended the War of the Third Coalition? • Treaty of Pressburg 8. What Hapsburg-led “nation” died in the wake of the Treaty of Pressburg? • In 1806, The Holy Roman Empire came to an end, an entity that had endured since 962 • Austria, however, did continue under Hapsburg rule
9. What central European union replaced the Holy Roman Empire in 1806? • The Confederation of the Rhine • It existed from 1806-1813 10. The dozen-plus German states that made up the Confederation of the Rhine basically served as what? • Client (subservient) states of the French Empire
11. During the War of the Fourth Coalition, 1806-1807, what major countries did France face? • Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain 12. In October 1806, what country did Napoleon defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt? Prussia
13. Days later, Napoleon’s army occupied what Prussian city? • Berlin, the capital city
14. What victory by Napoleon in June 1807 effectively ended the War of the Fourth Coalition? • The Battle of Friedland, a battle in which Napoleon defeated a Russian army
15. What agreementsbetween France and Russia effectively ended the War of the Fourth Coalition? • The Treaties of Tilsit
16. From 1807 to 1812, Napoleon was the master of what? • Europe 17. Napoleon’s Grand Empire included what three principle parts? • The inner core of the French Empire itself, an enlarged France if you will • The Dependent States which came to include Spain, The Netherlands, The Kingdom of Italy, The Grand Duchy of Warsaw, the Swiss Republic, and the Confederation of the Rhine • Allied States: These were countries that had been defeated by Napoleonic France and forced to submit to French domination of Europe. Examples include Austria, Prussia, and to a degree, Russia
18. What became of Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808? • Napoleon successfully invaded Spain, but the Spanish people rose up in revolt against French rule • Napoleon deposed the Spanish king, Ferdinand VII. Napoleon’s brother Joseph became the King of Spain • Spanish guerrillas, however, revolted against the French and bled Napoleon’s army. In time, the Spanish invasion proved to be a disaster
19. In what years did France experience defeat in Spain? • 1813-1814
20. What three principles from the French Revolution did Napoleon want to spread in his Grand Empire? • Legal Equality • Religious Toleration • Economic Freedom
21. In parts of his Grand Empire outside of France, Napoleon abolished what? • Serfdom 22. What major European country never fell under Napoleon’s control? • Great Britain
23. What was the Continental System? • It was basically a European-wide French-imposed boycott of British goods • All nations under Napoleon’s influence or outright control were expected to conform to the boycott 24. What became of the Continental System? • Member nations cheated, smuggled, and resented French control
25. What country became very uncooperative with Napoleon’s Continental system? • Russia 26. What is your textbook’s definition of Nationalism? • “Nationalism is the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols”
27. Oddly enough, Napoleon’s control of much of Europe began to arouse what force in areas of Europe outside of France? • The phenomenon of Nationalism 28. The growth of Nationalism in Europe, along with resentment of the Continental System, helped pave the way for what? • The Fall of Napoleon!!
