COE: Who we are

2. COE: Who we are We are a US Center for Excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in disaster management and humanitarian assistance operations: • Department of Defense organization • Direct Reporting Unit to U.S. Pacific Command and geographic Combatant Commands • Established in 1994 Government Funded: · Ability to accept interdepartmental and international contributions · Partner with inter-agencies and DoD components · Partner with foundations, institutes, universities, and corporations Establishing field offices at each U.S. Regional Combatant Command Staff: ~ 42 staff, augmented with consultants

3. COE Mission Educate, train, conduct research and assist in international disaster preparedness, disaster mitigation, disaster management, disaster response, health security, humanitarian assistance and societal resiliency. COE Vision A community of nations prepared to respond, collaborate, and manage natural and man-made disasters. Nations with disaster management plans, prepared to respond to plausible contingencies, and willing to participate in a regional collaborative framework.

4. Threats and Challenges COE’s Perspective • Poverty • Ethnic Tensions • Natural Disasters • Terrorism • Conflict • Disfunctional Societies U.S Military Responses to Situations, 1990-2002 Evac’s Peace/Relief Contingency Positioning Show of Force Combat Natural Disaster

5. Forecast for DM/HA • Natural Disaster • Flooding – annual occurrence (2 Major events annually) • Earthquake – 2 major events every 5 years • MED,PI,HIV/AIDS • Increasing AIDS cases - PNG, IN, ID, PRC • Cyclonic Storms – annual occurrence(10 major events annually)

6. COE Disaster Risk Assessment & Research Disaster Preparedness Risk Assessment Assist in Disaster Forecasting

7. HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations • How Prepared Do We Need to Be – (Not if – but when) • Scenarios – Most likely, moderate • Measures Capacity & Capability • Test Preparedness • Promotes Understanding: when an event will exceed capabilities • How prepared are we • To Coordinate – To Communicate – To C2 • Roles – Responsibilities • Within – Between Levels of Government • Public – Private - Community Response – Recovery and Revitalization

8. HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations • How prepared are we (Cont) • Coordinate With External Support: • UN – NGO – International • Communicate: • Focus (Now-Where are we?) • Requirements (Next-Where are we going?) • Template of Response & Recovery efforts • Method to guide Recovery Redevelopment sequencing • Results: Protracted Recovery - Limited Revitalization • Not just what you do but how you do it

9. National HA/DR Design Method Design Frame Build Supporting Concept Resilient Societies • Enabling Functions: • Interagency Coordination • Civil-Military Coordination Functional Concepts Humanitarian Assistance & Resiliency Response, Recovery & Transition Disaster Management Disaster Mitigation Revitalization Strategic Outcomes Socially responsible, sporting Individuals Inspired & committed youth Strong and stable families Human dignity upheld Safe and durable society 9

10. Emergency Relief Phase Recovery / Development Transition Point Need for Assistance Show up early or don’t bother coming International Military and Civil Defence Relief International Civilian Relief UN OCHA, Modified Local / National Response Disaster 10

11. Social Resiliency: Characteristics of Success Resistance Recovery Revitalization Predict Absorb Improvise Anticipate Respond Innovate Recover “Revive, not just Restore.” Level of functioning Level of functioning Level of functioning Goal Goal Goal resistance threshold Time Time Time 11 Sources: “Disasters and Communities: understanding social resilience”, Australian Journal of Emergency Management; ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, http://www.iclei.org

12. Front End Assessment On-HadStores andsupply stores Private Sector Capacity HAZARD EVENT CommunityGrids ExternalSupplies andServicesRequired EmergencyResponseCapacity NGO’s Displacedand Homeless CriticalServices CommunitySystemsFunctioning ExternalDistributionCapacityRequired InfrastructureCapacity IncidentManagementCapacity Gap Analysis = Response Capability and Capacity Disaster threshold Recovery Revitalization Emergency Response Time

13. Know the HA/DR framework Affected State UN County Team NGO Military Forces Disaster Strikes NGO Donor Nat’l NGOs NGO Nat’l Red Cross/ Red Crescent “Fog of Relief” Donor Donor Donor NGO NGO Affected State Agencies NGO NGO NGO NGO NGOs 13

14. Disaster Response: Coordination Mechanisms Government Response State/ Province GovernmentCoordination Mechanism Private/ Public Roles & Responsibilities Community/ Village Early Recovery Emergency Shelter International Military/ Bilateral Camp Coordination & Management Emergency Telecommunications International/ Regional Clusters Coordination Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Health Int’l / RegionalCoordination Mechanism Protection Logistics Nutrition UN/NGOs 14

15. Overarching International HA/DR Principles • “Affected State” is a sovereign nation responsible for: • Care of all persons within its territory • Coordination, implementation & monitoring all DR assistance • Request of international disaster relief 15

16. Overarching International HA/DR Principles • Assisting States/Orgs to coordinate DRO w/ Affected State • Assisting States and their personnel shall abide by the domestic laws • Assisting States self-fund their disaster relief assistance • Assisting States provide disaster relief without seeking: • To further a political or religious standpoint • To Intervene in the internal affairs • Gain a commercial advantage • Gather sensitive political, economic, or military information 16

17. Affected Populations (Community-level)

18. Know the HA/DR Framework • Coordination Guidelines & Mechanisms: • International: • Oslo Guidelines • New Humanitarian Architecture (Cluster Approach) • Regional: • APC MADRO • ARF Strategic Guidance for HA/DR • ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) • MNF-SOP (Multi-National Forces) • National: • Int’l Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) - Int’l Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) • Regional Actors involved in Initiatives (Asia-Pacific): • ASEAN • SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) • PIF (Pacific Islands Forum) / SOPAC (Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission) 18

19. Linking in International HA/DR Response National Enduring Interests Crisis Assessment Identify Disaster Region National Strategy What Happened? Gap Analysis National Response • Affected Region • Infrastructure • Population • Stability • - Political - Economic • - Social - Security How Resilient Are They? Policy Limitations Capability Capacity Activities Messages Outcomes Outcomes Outcomes Long Term Development Effort

20. ResilientNationFramework Governance Economy Infrastructure Social Structure/Systems Security/Defense Rule of Law Financial Sector Transportation Health Military Participation Trade &Investment Energy Education Police Phases Response Recovery Preparation Mitigation Revitalization Strategic Outcomes Effective and Responsible Governance Sustainable & Broad-based Growth Effective Support of Social Capacity Strengthened Vibrant Society Robust Defense & Law Enforcement

21. ResilientCommunityFramework Enhance Societal Capacity Develop Intellectual Capital Enhance Resource Independence Create Social Cohesion Foster Good Governance Humanitarian Assistance Education Economy Cultures, attitudes & motivations Leadership Public Health Communication& Information Sustainable Development Social Parity Security Phases Response Recovery Preparation Mitigation Revitalization Strategic Outcomes Safe and durable society Socially responsible, sporting individuals Strong and stable families Human dignity upheld Inspired and committed youth

22. Village COP Terracingof crops Bridge tocapital city Earthendam Water storagetanks Enclosedlatrines Recycling center Bridge toother markets Research/ Demonstration nursery Communityhall Early warning tower Cellulartower Community bank Women’sco-op center Animalhusbandry Policestation Granary School Reforestation Seed bank Marketplace Borehole well Health clinic Local placeof worship Early warningsirens Fish farm Resilient Village Concepts Social Cohesion(Gender parity, social protection, community involvement) Good Governance(Leadership, integration, policy & planning) Societal Capacity(Public health, infrastructure, disaster preparedness, response) Intellectual Capital(Education, communication, information, research, innovation) Resource Independence(Economy, resource management, sustainable livelihoods) Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment Assessment

23. Planning Coordination Status of Forces Agreement? Contracting? With whom are we working? When should we respond?0 What is required for landing rights? What are the customs requirements? What are the fuel arrangements and needs? What are the considerations regarding weapons? What fees are Involved? When should we transition?

24. Disaster Response Framework Host Nation Activity Host Nation Activity Host Nation Activity International Military Activity Effect International Military Activity Effect Host Nation Response & Recovery Effort Effect Int’l Military Activity Foster Resilient Societies Revitalization Recover Response Effect Effect Effect International Military Activity Year 1 Year 10 or longer

25. Civilian Humanitarian Responders - NGOs • Not an agencies of a government or UN; • Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters; • Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission; • Funded by grants or private donations; • National or international; • Essential to humanitarian operations: • Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects • First responders to arrive, last to leave • Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors 25

26. Societal Structure National/ Federal Regional State/Provincial County/District First Responders Community Families

27. Coordination & Integration: Preparedness and Support National/ Federal Regional Organizations International Organizations Regional Assistance International Assistance OC Funding OC Provide Assistance Regional EOC EOC State/Provincial • Subject Matter Experts • Resources • Equipment • Facilities • Training • Communications Request Assistance EOC EOC County/District First Responders OC OC OC OC Community CC CC CC CC CC CC Families CW CW CW CW CW CW

28. Preparedness: Seams, gaps & capacities National/ Federal AL AZ KS KY LA NM NY NC AR NJ Seams Regional NW NE SW SE Seams CA CO CT DE FL GA ID IL IN MD MA OH State/Provincial WV SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WY WI MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH OR PA RI SC IA OK ME ND Gaps C County/District C D D D C C C C D D D C C C D Gaps Hwy Patrol Sheriff St. Police St. Police City Fire First Responders City Fire Paramedics Hwy Patrol Co. Fire Paramedics City Fire State Fire Sheriff Hwy Patrol State Fire Paramedics Sheriff Co. Fire State Fire St. Police Co. Fire Seams churches supplies doctors hospitals energy Community stores churches restaurants business energy schools schools hospitals restaurants hospitals stores schools churches restaurants business supplies supplies doctors stores doctors business energy Gaps F F F F F F F Family F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

29. Discussion