Eastern City-States & Southern Empires

1. By: Taylor, Mia, Marshante, Chaison Eastern City-States & Southern Empires

2. East coast trade cities • They established farming and fishing villages. • Arabic blended wit Bantu language to create Swahili. • Asians manufactured goods to Africa and African raw material to Asia. • In the city-state Kilwa the rich families live in fine houses of coral and stone. They sleep in beds made with ivory and their meals were served on porcelain. • Wealthy Muslim women wore silk robes and gold and silver bracelets. • In late 1200s Kilwa seized the port of Sofala, which was a trading center for gold mined inland. City-State Kilwa

3. Portuguese Conquest • In 1488, the first Portuguese ships rounded the Southern tip of Africa and sailed North, looking for a sea route to India. • When the Portuguese saw the wealth of the East African city states, they decided to conquer those cities.

4. South Africa & Great Zimbabwe • Gold and Ivory was traded from Great Zimbabwe to the coastal trading city of Sofala. • It had access to goldfields which inspired the trade route. • Great Zimbabwe depended on this gold trade.

5. Great Zimbabwe • From the 1200s through the 1400, Great Zimbabwe became the capital of a thriving state. • Great Zimbabwe became the economic, political, and religious center of its empire • In 1450, Great Zimbabwe was abandoned. They say that the cattle grazing had worn out the grasslands and farming had worn out the soil.

6. Muslims Trade System • Traders sent Africans acquired through kidnapping to markets in Arab, Persia, and Iraq. • Muslim traders had been enslaved East Africans and selling them overseas since about the ninth century the numbers remained small perhaps about 1,000 a year. • The trade in slaves did not increase dramatically until the 1700s. • Muslim traders shipped enslaved Africans across the Indian Ocean to India where Indian rulers employed them as soldiers

7. Islamic Influences to Africans • Muslims founded the city of Fes (808) which soon thereafter gave refuge to Andalusian Muslims fleeing an uprising in Cordoba. • Prior to the 19th century the greatest gains made by Islam were in the lands immediately south of the Sahara. • By about 1366 Makurra the more northerly of the two Christian kingdoms of the E Sudan, became Islamic. • Most government officials and wealthy merchants were Muslim.

8. Muslim African People • People along the East African coast held on to their traditional religious beliefs. • Arab Muslim traders exported enslaved person from the East African coast. • Traders sent Africans acquired through kidnapping to markets in Arab, Persia, and Iraq • Even the smallest towns had had a mosque for the faithful.

9. The Mutapa Empire • A man names Mutota left Great Zimbabwe about 1420 to find a new source of salt. He settled in a valley with fertile soil, good rainfall and ample wood. Conquered people called Mutota and his successors mwene mutapa, meaning “conqueror” or “master pillager” • By the time of Mutota’s death, the Mutapa Empire had conquered all of what is now Zimbabwe except the eastern portion. 1480 Mutota’s son claimed control of the area along the Zambezi River to the Indian Ocean coast.

10. The Mutapa Empire • Mutapa Empire was able to mine gold deposited in nearby rivers and streams. • Rulers sent gold to the coastal city-states in exchange for luxuries. • 1500s; Portuguese tried to conquer the empire. They failed, then resorted to interfering in Mutapa politics. They overthrew the ruler and replaced him with one they could control.

11. Questions ? • Why did Mutota leave the Great Zimbabwe? • Where did the Mutapa Empire search for gold? • What was Eastern Coastal main trades? • Who mined near rivers and steams? • Where were the slave markets held? • To find a new source of salt • In nearby rivers and streams • Farming goods and Fish • The Mutapa Empire • Iraq