Equilibrium In Chemical Reaction

1. Equilibrium In Chemical Reaction

2. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 The double arrow tells us that this reaction can go in both directions:

3. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 1) Reactants react to become products, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘forward’ reaction)

4. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 1) Reactants react to become products, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘forward’ reaction) while simultaneously, 2) Products react to become reactants N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (‘reverse’ reaction)

5. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 In a closed system, where no reactants, products, or energy can be added to or removed from the reaction, a reversible reaction will reach equilibrium.

6. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 At equilibrium, the rateof the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, and so, like our escalator metaphor, the two sides, reactants and products, will have constant amounts, even though the reactions continue to occur.

7. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 However (like the metaphor), the equilibrium amounts of reactants and products are usually not equal, they just remain unchanged.

8. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

9. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

10. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

11. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

17. reverse forward

18. reverse forward

19. reverse forward

20. reverse forward

21. reverse forward

24. reverse forward

25. reverse forward

26. reverse forward

27. reverse forward

28. reverse forward

30. reverse forward etc! the reactions go on continuously in both directions.

31. Changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products can be graphed; the graph indicates when equilibrium has been reached. concentration time

32. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, and NH3 = 0 M concentration time

33. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

34. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

35. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

36. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

37. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

38. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

39. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

40. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

41. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

42. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

43. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

44. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

45. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

46. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

47. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

48. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M concentration time

49. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M [N2] [H2] concentration [NH3] time

50. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3, suppose you begin with the following: N2 = 1 M, H2 = 1 M, andNH3 = 0 M [N2] [H2] concentration [NH3] time Question 3: at what point has equilibrium been established?