The United States and East Asia

1. The United States and East Asia Sect 3

2. M.I. • US wanted new trade in Asia and to be able to export US culture. • Brought power and wealth to US but increased tensions in Asia

3. McKinley Focused on US prosperity William Jennings Bryan Anti-imperialist Election of 1900

4. McKinley Wins • 1901 – assassinated by Leon Czolgosz • Anarchist • Teddy Roosevelt (TR) at age 42 became the youngest president • Cowboy Reputation

5. Roosevelt Becomes President • Energy and enthusiasm • From a wealthy NY family – had been a sickly child • Mastered many sports- boxing, rowing, riding and marksmanship • Believed competition and conflict kept you healthy • Believed in increasing US power – Anglo-Saxonism

6. Filipinos Rebel Against US Rule • Aguinaldo ordered troops to attack US soldiers • US adopted harsh policies that they had criticized the Spanish for in Cuba • Reconcentration camps – separate civilians from guerillas • Many died of disease and starvation • US discovered rigors of fighting guerilla insurgents

7. Reform Leads to Promise of Self Rule • Taft – Gov of Philippines • Censored press • Put dissidents in jail • Limited self rule • US set up new infrastructure – education, RR, bridges, roads and healthcare • 1901 – US captures Aguinaldo – told guerillas to surrender • 1946 – independence to Philippines

8. Governing Puerto Rico • Foraker Act – made PR an unincorporated territory • Not US citizens- no constitutional rights • Congress could pass whatever laws it wanted for PR • 1917- made Puerto Ricans citizens of US • Debate over statehood even today

9. Cuba and the Platt Amendment • Independent but attached- US set up military govt. • No treaty w/foreign power to weaken govt or gain power • US had right to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba • Debts had to be kept low • US right to protect Cuban independence and keep order • Platt repealed in 1934

10. The US Pursues Interests in China • China had been carved into spheres of influence by European powers. • US did not have a zone

11. America Declares Equal Trade in China • John Hay – issued notes to foreign diplomats • US expected equal treatment • Open Door Notes

14. The Open Door Policy • 1894- China and Japan at war over Korea • US sided with China but Japan won using western technology and industry • China granted Korea independence and gave Manchuria to Japan • Russia made Japan give back Manchuria and leased it to them instead. • Germany, France and Britain all demanded leases in China

16. The Boxer Rebellion • Secret Chinese groups plotted to rebel against the foreigners • Righteous and Harmonious Fists - Boxers • Attacked foreign embassies killing 200+ foreigners • 1900 – US troops squashed rebellion • China forced to pay an indemnity – money to repair damage caused by rebellion • Sect of State Hay and the British convinced other powers not to divide and colonize China

18. Hay Reaffirms Open Door Policy • Each lease was a sphere of influence area where a foreign nation controlled economic development • Did not want to colonize • McKinley supported an Open Door Policy where all countries would be allowed to trade with China – tea, spices and silk

20. Tensions Rise Between America and Japan • Japan wanted territory in China • Russia in Manchuria • Japan attacked Russia – 100,000 lost

21. Roosevelt Settles Russo- Japanese War • 1905 – Both sides meet in New Hampshire to negotiate • Talks stall • TR convinced both sides to sign treaty • TR wins Nobel Peace Prize

22. Anti-Asian Prejudice Troubles Relationships • West coast – anti- Asian discrimination • 1906 – San Francisco Brd of Ed – banned Chinese, Japanese and Korean kids from going to school with whites • TR did not agree • Negotiated “Gentlemen’s Agreement”

23. Balancing Power in East Asia • TR continued Open Door Policy • Negotiated- still tensions- esp. with Japan • 1907- TR sends 16 battleships of the US Navy on a tour around the world to show US power • The Great White Fleet “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

25. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean • TR believed showing power would make people think before going to war.

26. The Panama Canal • 1903 – Acquired canal zone • Would save time and money • 1901 – Hay-Pauncefort Treaty gave the US exclusive rights to build and control any canal through Central America. • French company had started the job but ran out of money and lost too many men to disease.

27. US offered $10 million/year and 250,000 rent to build the canal. • Panama still part of Columbia • Columbia said no

28. Revolt in Panama • Panama decide that the only way to get the canal built was to declare independence. • French company rep – Philippe Bunau-Varillla got an army to stage an uprising • November – BV’s forces revolted • US sent ships to prevent Columbian interference • US recognized Panama’s independence • Treaty was signed for canal to be built

29. The Roosevelt Corollary • Big Stick Diplomacy- US would interfere in Latin America to keep peace in the Western Hemisphere – Roosevelt Corollary • Dominican Republic was the 1st to be subjected

30. Taft continued TR’s policies • Economic support rather than military • Everyone would benefit • Dollar diplomacy – substitute dollars for bullets • Not in Nicaragua – 1911 • US sent in troops to replace a customs collector – stayed until 1925