1 / 21

Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Chapter 22. Organic Chemistry. All organic compounds contain carbon atoms, but not all carbon-containing compounds are classified as organic. examples: Na 2 CO 3 , CO, and CO 2 are considered inorganic.

netis
Download Presentation

Organic Chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic Chemistry Chapter 22

  2. Organic Chemistry • All organic compounds contain carbon atoms, but not all carbon-containing compounds are classified as organic. • examples: Na2CO3, CO, and CO2 are considered inorganic. • Organic compoundscan be defined as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

  3. Common Elements in Organic Compounds

  4. Organic Prefixes

  5. Diversity Due to Carbon • The diversity of organic compounds results from the uniqueness of carbon’s structure and bonding. • Carbon atoms are unique in their ability to form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms.

  6. Alkanes • All single covalent bonds • saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can bond with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule • The smallest alkanes are gases, the largest are solids. The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the higher the boiling point. • General Formula = CnH2n+2 C2H6 CH4 C3H8 ethane methane propane

  7. Cycloalkanes • Alkanes whose carbon atoms are joined in rings

  8. Alkenes • Have at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond • Are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain the at least one double bond preventing the carbons to be completely saturated with hydrogen atoms. • General Formula = CnH2n C2H4 C3H6 ethene propene

  9. Alkynes • Have at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond • unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain the at least one triple bond preventing the carbons to be completely saturated with hydrogen atoms. • General Formula = CnH2n-2 C2H2 C3H4 ethyne propyne

  10. Structural isomers: molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures STRUCTURAL ISOMERS EXAMPLE: Both molecules below have the formula of C4H10

  11. H H H H H C C C C C H H H CH3 H H H H H H C C C H H H CH3 H H H H CH3 C C C C H H H H H H How many structural isomers does pentane, C5H12, have?

  12. Functional Groups • Functional groups are specific chemical formulas that are bonded to a hydrocarbon. • Each group exhibits specific chemical characteristics. • The hydrocarbon is indicated by the letter “R”.

  13. Alcohols • Molecule with an –OH group attached to a carbon atom • General formula is R-OH

  14. Common products that contain alcohols Rubbing Alcohol Cough Medicine Hair Gel

  15. ETHER • Contains 1 oxygen atom • One oxygen atom is bonded to two carbon chains, one on each end • Name ends in “ether” • General formula: Example: Dimethyl Ether

  16. Common products that contain ethers Some Cosmetics Starter Fluid Anise Seed used for bread and cookies

  17. CARBOXYLIC ACID • Contains 2 oxygen atoms • One oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom and a second oxygen is single bonded to the same carbon atom • Name ends in “icacid” • General formula: Example: Ethanoic acid

  18. Carboxylic Acids • General Formula = R-COOH

  19. Common products that contain carboxylic acids Coconut Some Fruits Vinegar

  20. ESTER • Contains 2 oxygen atoms • One oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom and a second oxygen is single bonded to the same carbon atom • Name ends in “oate” • General formula: Example: Methyl ethanoate

  21. Common products that contain esters Bananas Oranges Flowers

More Related