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Africa and Season of Migration to the North

Africa and Season of Migration to the North. Ms. Mitchell Cultural Revolutions Andover High School. Do Now!. Write down EVERYTHING you think about when you hear “Africa.” Do not worry about avoiding stereotypes or if your knowledge is uncertain or incomplete. NO!. But seriously….

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Africa and Season of Migration to the North

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  1. Africa and Season of Migration to the North Ms. Mitchell Cultural RevolutionsAndover High School

  2. Do Now! • Write down EVERYTHING you think about when you hear “Africa.” Do not worry about avoiding stereotypes or if your knowledge is uncertain or incomplete.

  3. NO!

  4. But seriously…

  5. Do Now: • Take the Africa pre-quiz. Don’t worry, it’s not for credit. It’s just to get the ball rolling.

  6. Pre-Quiz Answers • 54-56 • Area comprised of the Saharan desert • 2,000+ • Varied (desert to rainforest to very cold) • Egypt’s bordering countries: Libya, Sudan, Gaza Strip • One of the following: Easter Seychelles, Sao Tome and Principe, Comoros, Madagascar

  7. Pre-Quiz Answers 7. Kony: Leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army, a guerilla group that used to operate in Uganda. Americans became aware of him because of a viral video in 2012 8. Albania 9. Lost Boys: The generation of boys orphaned or permanently separated from their parents due to the Sudanese conflicts. Many have been relocated to the US.

  8. Pre-Quiz Answers 10. 2011 11. Tutsis and Hutus are two ethnic groups in Rwanda. There are virtually no differences in language or religion. The most notable difference is the Tutsis are often more economically well off (and sometimes taller)—but this is not always the case. As far back at the 15th century the groups originated in different countries, but have resided in the same areas since. 12.Rwanda (most recently), Burundi before that 13. Second Congolese War

  9. Pre-Quiz Answers 14. False. Australia is. Africa comes in 2nd 15. Most of the land cannot be used for agriculture; cash crops from the colonized days, global warming 16. 4%

  10. Do Now! • Read and listen to the lyrics to “I Am Africa” from the Broadway musical, The Book of Mormon. • In the play it is sung by a group of entirely white, Mormon boys • How is the song a satire? • What is it satirizing? • What lines help you understand this? Satire: A type of writing that mocks or pokes fun at a facet of contemporary/popular society. Must be meant to draw attention to a problem or concern.

  11. AFRICA • Africa is NOT a country. • Africa is a continent composed of roughly 54 countries and some independent states—depending on who’s counting. • Africa can be divided into two geographic regions: Saharan (North) and Sub-Saharan, referring to the Saharan Desert. The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. The Sahara is expanding southward at about ½ a mile a month

  12. Africa • Population of roughly 1.1 billion people • Estimated about 2000 languages are spoken on the continent • 3,000 Ethnic Groups and more physical variations between Ethnic Groups than anywhere else in the world • Northern Africa is predominately Muslim. • Islam is the major religion, followed by Christianity—together they comprise 85% of Africa’s religions • Oldest human remains have been found on Africa (Ethiopia)

  13. Africa • There are fewer people with Internet access in the entire continent of Africa than in New York City alone. • HIV/AIDS is prevalent to varying degrees through the continent. • Life expectancy is 32-74 years old depending on the country. • Animals: Africa is home to the world’s largest land animal (African elephant), the world’s tallest land animal (giraffe), world’s fastest land animal (cheetah) world’s largest reptile (Nile croc), and the largest primate (gorilla)

  14. Do Now! • What is colonization? List everything you know.

  15. Africa: Colonization • All but two African countries have been colonized at one point or another. • Most were colonized by the British, French, and the Portuguese. • Colonization shaped African economies and the effects are still felt today. • During the 1950s African nations began to push for independence.

  16. SUDAN

  17. SUDAN • Largest country in terms of land-area in Africa • Capital: Khartoum • Gained independence in 1956 from Great Britain • Nile River • Desert in the north, flat plains throughout

  18. SUDAN • Arabic and English are official languages • Sunni Muslim majority • Legal system of mixed Islam law and English common law • Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party. Came to power in 1989 through a military coup • President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR. Has ruled since 1993. Re-elected in 2010. Next election in 2015. • 4 years of schooling on average. Approximately 60% literacy rate.

  19. SUDAN—Civil War • Two prolonged civil wars during the second half of the 20th century • 1955-1972 • 1983-2005 • 4 Million+ dead • Conflicts rooted in “northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese.” (CIA World Factbook) • Peace talks established southern autonomy in 2005 with a vote 6 years later. • South Sudan established in 2011

  20. “The Lost Boys” of Sudan • Refers to the over 20,000 boys displaced/orphaned during Second Sudanese Civil War • “Most badly war-traumatized children ever examined” –wikipedia • Some used as child-soldiers • Other traveled on foot for years looking for refuge. Over 1000 miles. • 3UNICEF has reunited apprx. 1,200 Lost Boys with their families. 3,800 Lost Boys allowed to relocate to the US • 2005: Peace Agreement allowing North/South border crossing for Lost Boys • Paying it Forward

  21. DARFUR CONFLICT/ DARFUR GENOCIDE • Began in 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A)and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) took up arms. • Accused the Sudanese gov. of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in favor of Sudanese Arabs (i.e. an ethnic conflict) • Official Sudanese military and police, and the Janjaweed (Sudanese militia group) vs. rebel groups such as the SLM/A and the JEM. • Despite denying support of the Janjaweed, the Sudanese government has been arming and financially supporting them.

  22. DARFUR CONFLICT • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USLDoIiFzzg

  23. SOUTH SUDAN

  24. SOUTH SUDAN • Capital of Juba • Established July 9, 2011 after a vote for independence from Sudan

  25. SOUTH SUDAN • President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011) • Predominately Christian

  26. Season of the Migration to the North • Written by TayebSalih • Originally published in Arabic in 1966. Translated into more than 30 languages. • Unnamed narrator. Returns to Sudan after being educated in England. • Mustafa Sa’eed is a stranger in the village with an interesting past. • Narrator becomes intrigued by Mustafa and his past. • Banned in Sudan presumably for graphic sexual content and ant-Islamic content.

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