Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Notes

1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Notes • Photosynthesis • -done by autotrophs only (plants, some algae, & some bacteria) (producers-make their own food) • -BIG IDEA!!! → PHOTOSYNTHESIS TRAPS LIGHT ENERGY AND CHANGES IT INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY (sugar) (Energy can convert from one form to another)

2. Photosynthesis Equation Light energy + CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 carbon water glucose sugar oxygen dioxide Reactants Products

3. Location, location, location!!!(of photosynthesis) • 1. Location- in chloroplasts of leaves

4. Structures Required • Thylakoid- flattened membrane sac inside chloroplast that contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and is the place where light is trapped; oxygen is released as a waste product • Granum- stacks of thylakoid membranes • Stroma- fluid portion of the chloroplast -where glucose is made (chemical form of energy) • Stomata- tiny holes on bottom of leaf which allow gas & water vapor exchange to occur

5. Stomata

6. Structures Required • Light- (photon) must be trapped by the chloroplasts to do photosynthesis • Pigment- (chlorophyll) molecules containing atoms that absorb light

7. Chlorophyll • Chlorophyll- primary light absorbing pigment for photosynthesis • -chlorophyll absorbs red and violet light (from visible light spectrum) to begin photosynthesis (green light is reflected)

8. Let there be light!!!

9. Why do leaves change color in the fall? • When leaves appear green, it is because they contain an abundance of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll masks other pigment colors. Anthocyanins, in turn, mask carotenoids. • As summer turns to autumn, decreasing light levels cause chlorophyll production to slow. However, the decomposition rate of chlorophyll remains constant, so the green color will fade from the leaves. At the same time, anthocyanin production in leaves increases, in response to surging sugar concentrations. • Leaves containing primarily anthocyanins will appear red. Leaves with good amounts of both anthocyanins and carotenoids will appear orange. Leaves with carotenoids but little or no anthocyanins will appear yellow. In the absence of these pigments, other plant chemicals also can affect leaf color. An example includes tannins, which are responsible for the brownish color of some oak leaves.

10. types of pigments in leaves

11. Cellular Respiration • plants use the chloroplast to make sugar by photosynthesis and then they use the mitochondria to break the sugar down into energy (ATP) by doing cellular respiration - cellular respiration is also used by heterotrophs (consumers like animals, fungi, some bacteria) who must get food from other sources

12. Connection b/w photosynthesis & cellular respiration

13. Location, location, location(of cellular respiration) • -cellular respiration and photosynthesis are linked b/c they’re opposites • -the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration • - Location- in mitochondria of cells

14. Cellular Respiration Equation • C6H12O6 + O2 → energy + CO2 + H2O • Glucose oxygen ATP carbon water sugar dioxide Reactants Products

15. Pay attention!! Important! • *BIG IDEA!!! →USE CELLULAR RESPIRATION AS A TOOL TO BREAKDOWN SUGAR (GLUCOSE) INTO ENERGY (ATP) THE BODY CAN USE

16. Big Idea!! • *IMPORTANT!! -Remember plants (autotrophs) can do both photosynthesis & cellular respiration b/c they have chloroplasts and mitochondria while animals (heterotrophs) can only do cellular respiration because they only have mitochondria and no chloroplasts

17. Connection b/w photosynthesis & cellular respiration

18. Ways glucose can be converted into energy • (anaerobic) (aerobic) (anaerobic) • Alcoholic Cellular Lactic • Fermentation Respiration Acid Fermentation • lactic acid • Yeast cells + • (fungus) 2 ATP • -make beer/wine CO2 -done in animal’s • or bread this way + muscle cells;creates • H2O soreness due to • + lactic acid build up • 38 ATP -eventually lactic acid • CO2 is broken down by • + liver • Alcohol • + 2 ATP