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Matter and Change

Matter and Change. Chapter 2. What’s a matter? (Chapter 2). Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space Elements are the simplest forms of matter Mass – amount of matter an object contains Substance – matter with a constant and definite composition

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Matter and Change

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  1. Matter and Change Chapter 2

  2. What’s a matter? (Chapter 2) • Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space • Elementsare the simplest forms of matter • Mass – amount of matter an object contains • Substance – matter with a constant and definite composition • Substances combine to form mixtures and compounds

  3. Describing Matter • Properties used to describe matter can be classified as: • Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples • Intensive – depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness, Density, Boiling Point

  4. Mixtures (2.2) • Mixtures are formed when 2 or more substances are physically combined • Can be different states of matter • Homogeneous mixtures (or solutions) have a uniform composition • Heterogeneous mixtures have an uneven composition • Mixtures can be separated by physicalmeans.

  5. Compounds (2.3) • Compounds are made when two or more substances (elements) are chemically combined. • Compounds can only be separated by a chemical reaction. • The properties of compounds are different than their parent substances.

  6. Matter Flowchart

  7. States of Matter (2.1) • There are 3 main states of matter: • Solids • Liquids • Gases • Each type of matter has a unique set of physical properties • Shape • Volume • Compressibility

  8. Physical & Chemical Properties (2.1/2.4) • Physical properties can be observed using your senses and without destroying the object • Color, hardness, density… • Chemical properties indicate how a substance reacts with something else; in this case the original substance is fundamentally changed • Flammability, rusting, combustion

  9. Physical vs. Chemical Changes (2.1/2.4) • Physical change – a change in the form of a substance, but not in its chemical composition • Chemical change – when substances change into new substances through a rearrangement of the atoms, known as a chemical reaction • In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting substances and products are the new substances formed. Reactants Products

  10. Law of Conservation of Mass • Law of Conservation of Mass Mass of the products = Mass of the reactants • If it appears that mass has been lost, look for evidence of a gas being released – gases have mass too!

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