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Matter and Change

Matter and Change. Part 1 – Properties of Matter. Here’s what you have to do if you want to pass this part of the TAKS: Distinguish between physical and chemical properties. TAKS student expectation.

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Matter and Change

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  1. Matter and Change Part 1 – Properties of Matter

  2. Here’s what you have to do if you want to pass this part of the TAKS: • Distinguish between physical and chemical properties. TAKS student expectation • Integrated Physics and Chemistry (8) Science Concepts. The student knows that changes in matter affect everyday life. The student is expected to: • (A) distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter such as oxidation, digestion, changes in states, and stages in the rock cycle; and

  3. Sample Question Characteristics of a substance can be classified as physical properties or chemical properties. Which of the following is a chemical property? A Boils at 56ºC B Tastes sour C Has a density of 2.9 g/cm3 D Reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas Source: Reviewing Chemistry TAKS.

  4. Properties and Changes in Matter • Every substance has characteristic properties. • Chemists use these properties to distinguish between substances and separate them.

  5. Extensive vs. IntensiveProperties

  6. Properties of One Penny Properties • Metal • Composed of 2.5% copper and 97.5% zinc • Mass – 2.50 grams • Volume – 0.442 mL • Density – 5.66 g/mL

  7. Properties of Many Pennies Properties • Metal • Composed of 2.5% copper and 97.5% zinc • Mass – 2500 grams (1000 pennies x 2.5 g) • Volume – 442 mL (1000 pennies x.442mL) • Density – 5.66 g/mL One Thousand Pennies

  8. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties WHICH PROPERTIES REMAINED THE SAME? • Metal • Percent Composition • Density The intensive properties remained the same because they do not depend on the amount of pennies present.

  9. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties WHICH PROPERTIES CHANGED? • Mass • Volume The extensive properties changed because they do depend on the amount of pennies present.

  10. There are 2 major categories that all properties of matter fall into Property Types Physical Chemical

  11. PhysicalProperties Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance. They can be observed by using the five senses.

  12. Physical Properties What are the physical properties of a labradoodle? • Cross between a lab and a poodle • Size of a lab • With the curly hair of a poodle • Can be black, yellow, brown, or white • Tail of a lab

  13. Chemical Properties Chemical properties relate to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

  14. Examples of chemical properties: Conductivity -ability to conduct electricity Flammability – ability to ignite Electronegativity – the ability to retain electrons

  15. Density – a Property of Matter Density – a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume.The density of every pure substance in the world is unique.

  16. Calculating Density The formula for calculating density is given on your TAKS formula chart, so you must know how to use it

  17. Sample Question Source: Grade 11 TAKS Information Book

  18. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  19. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  20. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  21. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  22. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  23. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  24. Sample Question Remember to duplicate Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  25. Sample Question Source: Spring 2003 Exit TAKS

  26. Sample Question Source: Spring 2006 10th TAKS

  27. Sample Question Source: Spring 2006 10th TAKS

  28. Part 2 – Changes in Matter

  29. A change in the physical appearance of a substance that does not change the identity of the substance. Physical Change SOLID LIQUID GAS

  30. Physical Changes Phase Change – physical change from one state to another SOLID Below 0°C LIQUID Between 0°C and 100 0°C GAS Above 100°C Only the temperature changes Still H2O in every form!!!

  31. Physical Changes • Examples of physical changes: Crushing an aluminum can Cutting your hair Shredding paper

  32. Chemical Changes Chemical changes, or chemical reactions, occur when one or more substances is converted into another substance. Original atoms are preserved New substances are formed Different chemical composition than original substance

  33. Chemical Changes Chemical changes are chemical reactions. Indicated by a number of signs • formation of a gas, • formation of a solid, or precipitate • change in temperature • evolution of heat and light • Change in color • Change in odor

  34. Chemical Changes • When iron (Fe) rusts, you can see it happen over a long period of time. • The actual iron molecules change their structure as they react with oxygen and are oxidized.

  35. Chemical Changes • Examples of chemical changes: Milk souring Grass growing Frying an egg

  36. Energy Transfer • All changes (physical and chemical) involve some transfer of energy. • Body uses energy from chemical reactions to digest food. • Weather involves a transfer of energy to evaporate water in the atmosphere. • Therefore, the study of matter also involves the study of energy.

  37. Summary • Extensive Properties • Intensive Properties • Physical Properties and Changes • Chemical Properties and Changes • Transfer of Energy

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