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Cells, Cells, Cells

Cells, Cells, Cells. Learning by tagging. Lesson Title, Essential Question, Objectives. Lesson Title-Cell Structure and Function E.Q.: Why is cellular transport important to the function of cell organelles?

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Cells, Cells, Cells

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  1. Cells, Cells, Cells Learning by tagging

  2. Lesson Title, Essential Question, Objectives • Lesson Title-Cell Structure and Function • E.Q.: Why is cellular transport important to the function of cell organelles? • Obj.: Describe the relationship between the structure and function of the cell membrane; Differentiate between the processes of osmosis, diffusion, passive, and active transport; Review for test

  3. The Discovery of the Cell • In 1665 Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin layer of cork which he called cells.

  4. The Discovery of Cells • In 1674 Anton Von Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water. He saw tiny living organisms that seemed to be everywhere, even in the very water he and his neighbors drank.

  5. The Cell Theory • In 1838 Matthias Schleidenconcluded that all plants were made of cells. • In 1839 Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells. • In1855 Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells only come from pre-existing cells.

  6. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells.

  7. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. Their genetic material is not contained in a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.

  8. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

  9. Cell Structure and Function

  10. Cell Wall • The outermost layer of plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. It provides support and protection for the cell.

  11. Cell/Plasma Membrane • The securitysystemof the cell. The cell membrane surrounds the cell. It protects and supports the cell. It is very selective about what enters and leaves the cell so we call it selectively permeable.

  12. Cell Membrane • It is composed of a double-layer with protein channels called a lipid bilayer. (ice-cream sandwich with nuts) The protein channels squeeze large substances into and out of the cell. The cell membrane is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic because the tails are afraid of water while the heads love the water!

  13. Cytoplasm • The portion of the eukaryotic cell outside the nucleus. It is the watery jell-o like substance that contains many of the materials involved in cell metabolism and holds the organelles in place.

  14. NUCLEUS • The control center or brain of the cell. It tells the cell what to do and stores the genetic information (baby mama drama).

  15. Nucleolus • The nucleolus is located inside the nucleus. It is responsible for manufacturing Ribosomes.

  16. MITOCHONDRIA • The power plant of the cell. It supplies the energy that your cells need to function. (looks like a peanut)

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The transportation system of the cell. Here lipid components of the cell membrane are made along with protein and other materials that are exported from the cell. The ER comes in both Rough and Smooth forms. Rough has Ribosomes so it is a rough rider!

  18. Ribosomes • Manufacture proteins for the cell. They are found on the which ER?

  19. Golgi Apparatus • Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.

  20. VACUOLES • Saclike structures that suck up and store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Plants have a large one, while animals have a couple of small ones.

  21. Lysosomes • Lysosomes are called suicide sacks. They are produced by the Golgi Body. They consist of a single membrane surrounding powerful digestive enzymes. • Lye burns. Lysosomesbreak down materials which helps with digestion.

  22. Diffusion • Diffusion - the process by which molecules spreadfrom areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. When the molecules are even/equalthroughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM

  23. Osmosis • Osmosis:the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  24. The Effects of Osmosis on Cells • Hypotonic (Hippopotamus) Taking in fluid, I’m getting big and fat. • Hypertonic (Skinny) I’m so hyper I can’t sit still, I’m losing to much weight. Not enough fluid. • Isotonic (I so fine, I look GOOD!) Just the right amount of fluid.

  25. The Effects of Osmosis on Cells

  26. Facilitated Diffusion • Large molecules such as glucose need help diffusing through the cell membrane.

  27. Active Transport • Occurs when something travels across a concentration gradient. To be active you must use energy. The fish are actually swimming up stream by consistently jumping!

  28. Come in Get out • Endocytosis - is a process whereby cells absorb material too large to pass through the plasma membrane (molecules such as proteins) from the outside by engulfing it with their cell membrane. • Exocytosis – is the process by which a cell directs soluble proteins to be secreted to the extracellular environment, as well as membrane proteins and lipids that are sent to become components of the cell membrane.

  29. Feed Me Please • Phagocytosis – cell eating. Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole then engulfs it. • Pinocytosis – cell drinking. Tiny pockets of liquid form along the cell membrane then pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.

  30. Lysosomes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Burns, breaks down, helps with digestion Power house, Dominion Power, ENERGY Jell-O like substance that holds everything in place Club Bouncer is selective Tagging

  31. Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Vacuoles Control center or Brain Inside of the nucleus Ambulance, transportation system Ribosomes No Ribosomes Packaging (gold gifts) Vacuum cleaners suck up and stores materials Tagging

  32. Closure • The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as • Exocytosis • Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Osmosis • 2. Despite differences in size and shape, all cells have cytoplasm and a • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • 3. If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a • Plant • Animal • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • 4. Distinct threadlike structures containing genetic information are called • Ribosomes • Chromosomes • Nuclei • Mitochondria • 5. Cell membranes are constructed mainly of • Lipid bilayers • Protein pumps • Carbohydrate gates • Free-moving proteins

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