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Integration of Wind Farms into the Grid New Mexico Wind Working Group

Integration of Wind Farms into the Grid New Mexico Wind Working Group. Ben Karlson Wind Energy Technology Department Sandia National Laboratories www.sandia.gov/wind bkarlso@sandia.gov. Topics. Sandia Wind Energy Program Wind Energy Challenges Connecting Wind to the Grid

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Integration of Wind Farms into the Grid New Mexico Wind Working Group

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  1. Integration of Wind Farms into the GridNew Mexico Wind Working Group Ben Karlson Wind Energy Technology Department Sandia National Laboratories www.sandia.gov/wind bkarlso@sandia.gov

  2. Topics • Sandia Wind Energy Program • Wind Energy Challenges • Connecting Wind to the Grid • Transmission Issues • Associated Studies • Summary

  3. Blade Technology Materials and Manufacturing Structural, Aerodynamic, and Full System Modeling Sensors and Structural Health Monitoring Advanced Blade Concepts Lab and Field Testing System Reliability Industry Data Collection Improve reliability of the existing technology and future designs System Integration and Outreach Wind/RADAR Interaction Integration and Outreach Sandia Wind Program

  4. KAFB/SNL Wind Integration Study Collaboration with DOE Transformational Energy Action Management (TEAM) Initiative – SNL Wind Farm Feasibility Project Identify costs, benefits, and value of an on-site wind farm Identify and develop mitigation schemes for system impacts Infrastructure and power quality Forecasting and contracts Sandia/KAFB Ridgeline Sandia Integration “Maximize installation of secure, on-site renewable energy projects at all DOE sites” - Secretary Samuel W. Bodman

  5. Wind Energy Challenges • Inability to dispatch • Weather determines the output • Variability • Makes it more difficult to balance load • Uncertainty • Can be forecasted to a large extent Controllable Non (Pseudo)-Controllable

  6. Connecting Wind to the Grid • Wind Resource • Wind maps • Local meteorological stations • On-site monitoring • Min annual average wind speed 11-13 mph • Transmission access • Distance from wind site to transmission • Capital • Development can cost around $2 million per MW

  7. FERC Open Access • Access to the transmission system • FERC has jurisdiction • Interstate commerce • Wholesale transactions • Access must be provided • Access must be fair, non-discriminatory • Open-Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) defines terms and conditions, procedures

  8. Transmission High Lonesome Mesa (100MW) (Dynamically Scheduled to Arizona) Aragonne Mesa 90 MW 110 MW additional planned (Dynamically Scheduled to Arizona) New Mexico Wind Energy Center (204 MW) 50 MW additional planned YOU ARE HERE Map By created by TrueWind Solutions from MesoMap system using historical weather data

  9. Transmission Study Procedures • Transmission Queue • First-come, first-served • System Impact Study • 60-day study timeline, possible penalties for delays • Requests can be studied in “Clusters” • Facilities Study • 60-day study timeline, possible penalties for delays • Studies should take into account • Existing transmission obligations and commitments • Higher-queued transmission requests • Interconnection requests in the Transmission Provider’s Interconnection Queue (?)

  10. Interconnection Service • Large Generators Procedures (LGIP) • For proposed generators 20 MW or larger • Small Generators Procedures (SGIP) • For generators <20 MW • Study Sequence • Feasibility Study, System Impact, Facilities Study • Fast-track possible for Small Generators • 2 MW or smaller • Meet standards (e.g., IEEE 1547, UL 1741, etc) • Study timelines defined in the OATT, but the benchmark is “reasonable effort”

  11. Interconnection Queue • Determines general order of studies • Determines cost responsibility for additional facilities and/or upgrades • Backlogged • Too many speculative project • Modifications allowed require new study • Studying several projects together (Clustering) possible • If implemented, a cluster also takes a position in the queue

  12. Interconnection Studies • Goal • Determine system upgrades required to interconnect the generator at full output • Also find maximum amount that Generator can inject without Network Upgrades (ERI) • Provide cost and construction schedule estimates • Applicable performance criteria • WECC/NERC standards • Other applicable non-discriminatory policy, criteria • FERC policy (e.g., for wind generators)

  13. Scope of Studies • Feasibility Study -- Optional • Short Circuit • Power Flow • Conventional contingency analysis • Evaluation of reactive power requirements • System Impact Study • Transient Stability • Conventional contingency analysis • Further evaluation of reactive power requirement • Assessment of tolerance to disturbances (LVRT) • Facilities Study • Engineering Design • Interaction analyses? $10,000 $50,000 $100,000

  14. Summary & Discussion • Understand the wind resource • Observed data is necessary • Understand the transmission & interconnection process • Transmission may exist, but not have available capacity • Interconnection process is slow and complicated • Better understanding of the rules minimizes the risk

  15. QUESTIONS?

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