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DIVIDED BY WAR

DIVIDED BY WAR. 1861-1865. 8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) 9. William H. Harrison (1841) 10. John Tyler (1841-1845) 11. James K. Polk (1845-1849) 12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) 13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) 14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857) 15. James Buchanan (1857-1861)

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DIVIDED BY WAR

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  1. DIVIDED BY WAR 1861-1865

  2. 8. Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) 9. William H. Harrison (1841) 10. John Tyler (1841-1845) 11. James K. Polk (1845-1849) 12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) 13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) 14. Franklin Pierce (1853-1857) 15. James Buchanan (1857-1861) 16. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) 1. George Washington - Term of Office (1789-1797) 2. John Adams (1797-1801) 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 4. James Madison (1809-1817) 5. James Monroe (1817-1825) 6. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

  3. THE SECESSION CRISIS • Lincoln’s election leads So. Carolina to secede • Dec. 20th 1860 • Question: Would other states follow?

  4. THE CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE DEC. 1860 • John Crittenden proposes a compromise • A series of constitutional amendment • Hopes to convince South not to leave.

  5. THE TERMS OF THE COMPROMISE • Restore the Missouri Compromise Line 36,30 • Unamendable amendment to guarantee slavery where it exists. • A special committee formed to work out the deal.

  6. REPUBLICAN & LINCOLN REJECT THE COMPROMISE. • It would violate the Republican Platforms. • Compromise is defeated in committee. • Last hope of avoiding war is gone.

  7. SIX MORE STATES SECEDE • Before Lincoln is Inaugurated. • Feb. 18th, 1861 the confederate States of America • Jefferson Davis elected president

  8. LINCOLN IS INAUGURATED MARCH 1861 • Inaugural Address tries to reassure the South. • “I have no power or desire to end slavery where it exists” • If you want war you will have to start it.

  9. PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING. • He was a “Lame Duck” waiting to leave office

  10. FORT SUMTER CHARLESTON, SO CAROLINA • Major Anderson in command of the Fort • Lincoln tries to send supplies. • 4:30 am April 12, 1861 Gen. Beauregard opens fire. • No one killed.

  11. LINCOLN CALLS FOR 75,000 VOLUNTEERS. • Virginia, Ark., Tenn., N. Carolina join the Confederacy • The border states are critical. Maryland and Kentucky.

  12. MORE… • Lincoln: “I hope God is on our side, but I must have Kentucky.” • Lincoln moves to hold Maryland. Suspends Habeas Corpus • Kentucky remains loyal.

  13. THE SOUTHERN POSITION • Confident • Fighting for independence, not slavery. • Only had to defend to win • Yankees had no character would quit.

  14. THE NORTHERN POSITION • Confident of Victory • North was stronger than South • Fighting to preserve the Union • Secession was treason!

  15. THE MILITARY BALANCE SHEET. • Southern military tradition • Southerners highly motivated • Had best officers at start of the war • Fighting on home ground.

  16. THE NORTH • Larger population • 4 times as many soldiers • More factories • Most railroads in the North • A navy blockade in the South

  17. CIVIL LEADERS PRES. LINCOLN • Lincoln had no military experience • Not respected by many • Clever and wise politician

  18. JEFFERSON DAVIS • Political experience • West point grad, veteran of Mexican War • Sec of War • Not a skilled politician. • 38 vetoes, all but one overridden.

  19. MOBILIZING FOR WAR. • Both sides rely on volunteers • Union pays bounties • “Bounty jumping” • 1863 Congress passes a draft • Men 20 to 45

  20. MORE… • Draft was unfair • $300 could buy exemption • You could hire a substitute • South passes draft in 1862 • 18 to 45 years old. • Large slave owners exempt • African Americans Fighting

  21. PAYING FOR THE WAR • South sold bonds (40% of costs) • Rest paid by printing money • Caused runaway inflation • North passed income tax • Taxed manufacturers and sold bonds.

  22. MORE… • By 1862 War cost $1.75 million per day • North passes the Legal Tender Act: Issues paper money called “greenbacks” • National Banking Act 1863 – Banks must buy federal bonds.

  23. MOVING WEST AND DEATH OF COTTON KING • Homestead Act 1862 • Gold and mining (62’) • Morrill Land Grant Act (62’) • Pacific Railway Act (63’) • Blockade

  24. BENDING THE CONSTITUTION • Blockade • Increasing Army and Navy • Extended enlistment • Security Money • Habeas Corpus • “Supervised” voting

  25. BRITAIN • Trent Affair • Unofficial naval base for Confederacy • Laird Rams

  26. FRANCE • Napoleon III • Conquer Mexico

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