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Understanding the Micro & Macro-environment of Wildlife Criminal Dynamics of Ivory and Rhino horn in Africa: Prosecution driven Investigations and RhoDIS Dr. Joseph Okori : WWF African Rhino Programme Leader Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime:
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Understanding the Micro & Macro-environment of Wildlife Criminal Dynamics of Ivory and Rhino horn in Africa: Prosecution driven Investigations and RhoDIS • Dr. Joseph Okori: WWF African Rhino Programme Leader • Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime: • Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice and Upholding the Rule of Law • QueenSirikit National Convention Center • Bangkok, Thailand • 10‐12 March 2013
Macroscopic dimensions of rhino horn trade and trafficking • Trafficking of rhino horn from Africa to East Asian Markets • Supply, demand and dynamic transit points and ports Micro-Trafficking environment • RhoDIS as a tool • Prosecution driven Investigations
The Micro-trafficking Environment: The Grass Root Engagement Legal Horn Trophies & 1-off’s Syndicated wildlife criminals in Africa Linked to other Crimes Global Market Demand for Ivory & Rhino Horn Illegal Market Secondary Poachers (Extra Income) Primary Poachers (Dedicated) Drivers Shifts Transient Local Markets Primary Consumers Established & Domesticated International Routes
Prosecution Driven Investigations Prosecutions Investigations Poaching and Trade Chain Final Consumers ? Diverse end markets King-Pins 2007-2013 = 0 Drivers Traffickers (Local & Transnational) >25 History, relations, Revenue, Customs Sentencing Poachers 2012 = 267 Crime Scenes
Rhino Poaching Arrest Statistics A SA-DEAT Press release
Purpose: Using Investigative strategies and tools to understand criminal networks, expose them and ensure successful prosecutions Ecological and economic Impact Crime Scene Recognition of Nature and form of Threat Awareness of Seriousness of Wildlife Crime Chain of Evidence Enabling conditions for WC to thrive Expert witnesses & Aggravation of Sentencing GEF SADC-RESG CITES LATF INTERPOL Prosecution driven investigations allows for untangling poaching and trafficking chains with the aim of bring criminals to face justice.