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14.3 The Cattle Boom

14.3 The Cattle Boom. Developed after the Civil War. The rise of the cattle industry. The loss of buffalo- population increase in the east causes the value of cattle to rise. -- $4- $40- $50. 2. Texas Longhorn- most popular - Bred in Texas (English and Spanish mix)

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14.3 The Cattle Boom

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  1. 14.3 The Cattle Boom Developed after the Civil War

  2. The rise of the cattle industry • The loss of buffalo- population increase in the east causes the value of cattle to rise. --$4- $40- $50 • 2. Texas Longhorn- most popular - Bred in Texas (English and Spanish mix) • Live on grass and little water • --Immune to Tick disease- “Texas Fever” • 3. Problems- over grazing • Tough and stringy meat • Moved long distances to rail lines • Long drives- 100’s of miles (2-4 months)/ difficult • Need many cowboys • Texas to Missouri to Kansas (not immune to Texas Fever) • Stampede- dangerous (thunder, coyote, sneeze, guns) • Crossing rivers- deep and swift currents- drown cattle

  3. Cattle towns • 1. Rail head- town located along railroad • 2. Cattle town boomed- casinos, saloons, general store, barber shop, hotel, inns, doctors, teachers, butchers, sheriffs, lawyers, etc. • 3.Why? - Cattle herders/ cowboys spent $ after they got paid so businesses are needed to spend $ • 4. Effects • a. Jobs- for men- bartend, sheriff • For children- run errands, stables • For women- cook, cleaned, laundry, restaurants, mend clothes, boarding • Create good economy • b.Schools- educated • c.Police force- reform • Attempt at Prohibition/ Temperance of alcohol (saloons and gambling halls)

  4. Ranch Profits • 1. Indian Territory becomes public/ private land • 2. Gov. allows open grazing- (free) on public lands • 3. Large companies own large ranches • 4. Rise of sheep farming

  5. Ranch Life • Everyone had to work • Women- cooked and cleaned for all • Mend clothes and fences • A restaurant or textile shop, boarding house • Lonely- men all gone • 2. Children- errands, repairs, chores, herding, brake horses • 3. Cowboys- hired by ranch owner • Very tough- hard work- lonely • Worked in crazy weather- tornadoes, blizzards, earthquakes, thunderstorms • Little money • Away for long times- bad for relationships (family) • Average of 7 years work before settling • Most: white southern civil war vets • 1/3- Black, Mexican, Mexican-American Less discrimination on range though Mexicans faced discrimination- not allowed to supervise non-Mexican

  6. End of the Cattle Boom • 1. Too many cattle ranches • Too much grazing damages grasslands • No profit (lower prices) 2. Invention of barbed wire fence reduces the grazing area • 3. Few years of bad weather killed cattle, 1885-1886 cold winters and drought, some farmers lost 90% of cattle • 4. Realization: End of Boom- 20 years long

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