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14.3 Winning the War

14.3 Winning the War. By 1917, Europeans were cracking under the strain of war. The stalemate dragged on. The departure of one country and the entry of another would tip the balance and end the stalemate. Waging Total War.

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14.3 Winning the War

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  1. 14.3 Winning the War By 1917, Europeans were cracking under the strain of war. The stalemate dragged on. The departure of one country and the entry of another would tip the balance and end the stalemate.

  2. Waging Total War • Nations started to realize that they needed to put all resources possible into the war effort- Total War • Both sides committed to recruiting, arming, and transporting armies that numbered in the millions • Conscriptions (draft) were put into place in all countries but Britain • Rationed food and gasoline, forbade strikes

  3. Britain’s Blockade • Britain’s navy formed a blockade in the North Sea to stop transport of goods to Germany. • Germans retaliated by using U-Boats to sink all ships carrying goods to Britain • Sunk the Lusitania, killing 1200 British passengers and 128 Americans

  4. Propaganda War • Total war meant controlling public opinion • Aim was to keep casualty figures and discouraging information from reaching the public. • Propaganda- spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.

  5. Women in the War • Women took over jobs of men and kept the economy going • Other women joined the armed forces • Nurses worked at aid stations, sometimes near the front lines • Women win the right to vote shortly after WWI in Britain, Germany, and U.S.

  6. Morale Collapses • Long casualty lists, food shortages, and the failures of generals to win promised victories led to calls for peace • France- units mutinied • Italy- Units retreated • Russia- Soldiers left the front to join a full-scale revolution back home

  7. U.S. Declares War • U.S. declares war on Germany as Russia exits the war. • Reasons: • Cultural history with Britain/France (democracy) • Germany announces it will resume unrestricted submarine warfare. • Zimmerman Telegram- British intercept a message from Germany to Mexico that states Germany would help reconquer lands lost in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in exchange for Mexican support against the U.S.

  8. U.S. Declares War • “War to end all wars” “Make the world safe for democracy” • By 1918, 2 million Americans had joined the Allies on the Western Front • 14 Points- list of terms for resolving WWI and future wars • 14 Points favored self-determination- right of people to choose their own form of government

  9. Victory at Last • Allies are strengthened by the arrival of the U.S. • Generals tell the Kaiser the war would be impossible to win • Kaiser William II stepped down and fled into exile in Netherlands • New German government sought an armistice (agreement to stop fighting) and on Nov. 11, 1918, the Great War finally came to an end.

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