Chapter 14 Section 6

1. Chapter 14Section 6 Challenges to Church Power

2. Review • What happened During the HYW to both the French and English monarchies? • Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the House of _____ • Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the who lost some of its power? • The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who or the German states within it?

3. The Church’s Power Weakens • Because of power shifting to strong governments and people questioning the church’s extreme wealth and practices, the church began to weaken • {In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay taxes} • {This angered Pope Boniface VIII and he decreed that popes had powers over worldly leaders} • Philip responded by charging the pope with heresy and of selling jobs in the church. He had his envoys in Rome take the pope prisoner • Although Boniface was quickly let go, he died shortly after. • For the next 100 years the church continued to lose power

4. Pope Boniface

5. The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism • After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop elected pope, Clement V. • Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. Until then the center of the church had been Rome for 1,000 years • {The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)} • During this time many more lost respect for the church, claiming the church was being controlled by French kings

7. Continued…. • In 1377 the French pope Gregory XI returned to Rome • After he died the cardinals elected an Italian pope to please local mobs, but later elected a French pope, who took up residence in Avignon • Until 1417 the church had two and sometimes three popes. This period in church history is called the Great Schism. • The church was divided into opposing groups • Finally a church council met in Constance and ended the Great Schism It removed the Italian and French popes and elected a new Italian pope

9. More Problems for the Church • The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism not only weakened the authority of the pope but it also raised criticism of the church • In the late 1300’s John Wycliffe, a priest and teacher at Oxford University, attacked the wealth of the church and the immorality of some of the clergy • He did not believe in the absolute power of the pope and wanted to replace the authority of the church with that of the Bible • He insisted that individuals should be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, without church intervention • Wycliffe promoted the translation of the Bible from Latin to English • The church accused him of heresy and he was banned from teaching and forced to retire

10. Wyclef Jean

11. John Wycliffe

12. Continued…. • Jan Hus, a teacher at a the University of Prague, read Wycliffe’s works and spoke out against the church • Hus was excommunicated and in 1414 the Council of Constance declared him a heretic and ordered his death • He was burned at the stake in 1415 • Despite {John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing the church} they had a profound impact on many people. • They set the stage for later reformers who would drastically alter the history of the Christian church

13. Jan Hus

15. Review • In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay what? • Taxation angered Pope Boniface VIII so he decreed that popes had powers over who? • The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as? • John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing who? • Pope Urban called on Europeans to join in a Crusade against who? • At the end of the 4th Crusade who was in control of Constantinople?

16. Wrong on so many levels